Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8658—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms using wire netting, a lattice or the like as form leaves
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/06—Constructions, or methods of constructing, in water

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of constructing a dam element on a submerged bottom. It also relates to the use of a lost formwork for the manufacture of such an element.
• the site is generally surrounded with metal plates of very large thickness, for example thirty millimeters. These plates have a characteristic slot profile which makes them very resistant to mechanical stresses mainly due to the pressure and currents of the surrounding water.
• the water inside the site is pumped away.
• the works can start when the site is substantially dry.
• the present invention relates to a method of constructing a dam element.
• On a submerged bottom which makes it possible to overcome these drawbacks by making the isolation of a submerged portion quicker and less expensive, or even making it possible to completely eliminate the above operations by carrying out the work directly in a submerged environment.
• the present invention therefore relates to a method of constructing a dam element on a submerged bottom.
• submerged bottom should be taken in the broad sense. It also designates a shore or a bottom, whether it is a sea, a river, a pond, an artificial basin, etc.
• this method is characterized in that it comprises the successive steps consisting in
• a lost formwork consisting of prefabricated elements comprising two walls defining between them a space, at least one of the walls being a self-supporting wall formed by an openwork plate over its entire surface;
• the difference in density between the concrete and the liquid medium in which it is to be poured flushes and discharges through the openings in the wall of the formwork the excess water introduced into the composition of the concrete to allow and facilitate its implementation, as well as the liquid in which the work is carried out.
• the walls of the formwork can be kept at a distance from each other by means of spacers, the length of which can be freely chosen according to the thickness desired for the dam element.
• dam elements when the dam elements are intended to isolate a portion only temporarily, they can be built with a relatively reduced thickness allowing them to be destroyed or transported after the completion of the work.
• dam element thus constructed benefits from all the strength qualities of the formwork described in the aforementioned patent applications.
• the method according to the invention can also be used for the construction of final dam elements constituting the structure itself, this construction taking place directly in a submerged environment.
• the realization of certain concrete structures can be done directly in the water without the need to isolate and dry out the bottom or shore portion.
• the above-mentioned spacers can be given a significant length in order to produce elements which are sufficiently massive depending on the structure produced.
• the two walls each consist of an openwork plate over its entire surface.
• the method comprises the prior step consisting of driving vertically into the bottom at least two piles over only part of their length in order to immobilize them in the bottom, the formwork then being installed so that the piles are between the two walls.
• the piles are buried in the concrete once it has been poured. This version makes it possible to further strengthen the stability of the dam element, the piles constituting reinforcements to anchor and connect the formwork firmly to the bottom.
• the perforated plates are expanded metal plates reinforced by stiffeners.
• Such openwork plates have the particular advantage of having a low cost price and being perfectly suited for use in lost formwork, due to their lightness, mechanical strength and low resistance to currents.
• the present invention also relates to the use of a lost formwork consisting of prefabricated elements comprising two walls defining between them a space intended to be filled with concrete loaded with sand and large aggregates, at least one of the walls being a self-supporting wall constituted by an openwork plate over its entire surface through openings just smaller than the dimensions of the smallest of the large aggregates, this use being characterized in that the formwork is intended for the construction of a dam element resting on a submerged bottom.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the result of the implementation of the method according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a formwork used in the method 1 according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is an elevational view showing a built dam element
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view of another formwork used in the method according to the invention.
• the method according to the invention aims at the construction of elements 1 of a dike 2 on the submerged bottom 3 of a river, along the bank 4.
• the dike 2 in the shape of a "U" is intended to circumscribe a portion 10 of the bank 4 where dry work must be carried out near or below the water level of it.
• the dam elements 1 can be built simultaneously or one after the other.
• the process includes several successive steps.
• the first step consists in installing vertically in and on the bottom 3 of the river invaded by water a lost formwork 20 made up of prefabricated elements comprising two parallel walls 5a and 5b defining between them a space 6 .
• the two walls 5a and 5b are self-supporting walls each formed by an openwork plate over its entire surface.
• the perforated plates 5a and 5b can be expanded metal plates reinforced by stiffeners 7.
• the two parallel walls 5a and 5b of the formwork are connected to each other by spacers 8, the ends of which are articulated in rotation with the walls 5a and 5b along a vertical axis as is the case in this mode or else for example along a horizontal axis.
• the second step of the process consists, while the place of construction is still invaded by water, in filling space 6 with concrete loaded with sand and large aggregates, the smallest of the aggregates having dimensions just greater than the openings openwork plates.
• the poured concrete fills the entire space 6 between the walls 5a and 5b.
• the liquid present between the walls is removed from the formwork. Furthermore, all the excess water included in the composition of the concrete to facilitate its implementation is expelled outside the formwork through the openings in the walls 5a and 5b.
• the concrete aggregates are blocked inside because the dimension provided for the openings does not allow their exit.
• the formwork element is installed on the bottom so as to be slightly pressed into it depending on the hardness of the river bed to ensure its foundation. However, it is not always easy to push the formwork deep into the bottom 3.
• the method according to the invention can comprise the prior step consisting, for each element 1, of driving vertically into the bottom 3 at least two piles 12a and 12b on only part of their length in order to immobilize them in the bottom 3, the formwork then being installed so that the piles 12a and 12b are located between the two walls 5a and 5b.
• a formwork having a greater number of parallel walls can be used as follows.
• the formwork 21 which constitutes a variant of the formwork 4 can be constituted so that between the two formwork walls 5a and 5b and close to those of them constituted by an openwork plate, extends at least one interior wall parallel to the other two.
• the internal walls 13a and 13b also consist of an openwork plate over its entire surface.
• interior walls 13a and 13b are connected to each other and to the exterior walls 5a and 5b by suitable spacers 14.
• the elements 1 are constructed so as to produce a dam 2 or a watertight dam isolating the portion 10 from the bank 4 of the water outside the dam 1.
• a dam 2 or a watertight dam isolating the portion 10 from the bank 4 of the water outside the dam 1.
• the water inside the dyke is pumped out to drain the portion 10.
• the work planned on the portion 10 can then begin.
• the structure is then constructed by means of the aforementioned formwork elements by dimensioning them according to the structure to be produced, the formwork elements this time constituting the very body of the planned construction. It goes without saying that construction can jointly implement conventional construction means.

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9452557

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (3)

Citations (5)

• 1993
  • 1993-11-05 FR FR9313200A patent/FR2712002B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1994
  • 1994-11-02 AU AU78611/94A patent/AU7861194A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-11-02 WO PCT/IB1994/000338 patent/WO1995012714A1/fr active Application Filing

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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