CA2210480A1 - Improved colorant stabilizers - Google Patents

Improved colorant stabilizers

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Publication number
CA2210480A1
CA2210480A1 CA002210480A CA2210480A CA2210480A1 CA 2210480 A1 CA2210480 A1 CA 2210480A1 CA 002210480 A CA002210480 A CA 002210480A CA 2210480 A CA2210480 A CA 2210480A CA 2210480 A1 CA2210480 A1 CA 2210480A1
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Canada
Prior art keywords
cyclodextrin
stabilizing
composition
colorant
beta
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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CA002210480A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Ronald Sinclair Nohr
John Gavin Macdonald
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
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Individual
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/65Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by splitting-off hydrogen atoms or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
    • C07C45/66Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by splitting-off hydrogen atoms or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups by dehydration
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/28Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/45Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/46Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton having the sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09BORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0071Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/50Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
    • B41M5/52Macromolecular coatings
    • B41M5/5227Macromolecular coatings characterised by organic non-macromolecular additives, e.g. UV-absorbers, plasticisers, surfactants

Abstract

The present invention comprises colorant stabilizers and a colorant composition which includes a colorant and a colorant stabilizer. The colorant stabilizer imparts light-stability to the colorant so that the colorant does not fade when exposed to electromagnetic radiation such as sunlight or artificial light.

Description

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO97120000 PCT~S96/19169 IMPROVED COLORANT STABTT~7.~.R~

Technical Field The present invention relates to a family of colorant stabilizers. The colorant stabilizers, according to the present invention, are capable of stabilizing a colorant when it is exposed to electr- m~gnP.tic radiation.

Background of the Invention A major problem with colorants is that they tend to fade when exposed to electromagnetic radiation such as sunlight or artificial light and the like. It is believed that most of the fading of colorants when exposed to light is due to photodegradation mech~ni~m.s. These degradation m~ch~ni~m.~ include oxidation or reduction of the colorants depending upon the environm~.nt~l conditions in which the colorant is placed. Fading of a colorant also depends upon the substrate upon which they reside.
Product analysis of stable photoproducts and intermediates has revealed several important modes of photodecomposition. These include electron ejection from the colorant, reaction with ground-state or excited 2Q singlet state oxygen, cleavage of the central carbon-phenyl ring bonds to form amino substituted benzophenones, such as triphenylmethane dyes, reduction to form the colorless leuco dyes and electron or hydrogen atom abstraction to form radical int~rm~ tt~.s.
Various factors such as temperature, humidity, gaseous reactants, including ~2~ ~3, S~2, and N02, and water soluble, nonvolatile photodegradation products have been shown to influence fading of colorants. The factors that effect colorant fading appear to exhibit a certain amount of interdependence. It is due to this complex behavior that observations for the fading of a particular colorant on a particular substrate cannot be applied to colorants and substrates in general.
~ Under conditions of constant temperature it has been observed that an increase in the relative humidity of the atmosphere increases the fading of a colorant for a variety of colorant-substrate systems (e.g., McLaren, K., J.
Soc. Dyers C:olour, 1956, 72, ~27). For example, as the relative hllmititty of the atmosphere increases, a ~lber may swell because the moisture content CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCTnUS96/19169 of the fiber increases. This aids diffusion of gaseous reactants through the ~ub~LIale structure.
The ability of a light source to cause photochemical change in a colorant is also dependent upon the spectral distribution of the light source, in particular the proportion of radiation of wavelengths most effective in causing a change in the colorant and the quantum yield of colorant degradation as a function of wavelength. On the basis of photochemical principles, it would be expected that light of higher energy (short wavelengths) would be more effective at causing fading than light of lower energy (long wavelengths). Studies have revealed that this is not always the case. Over 100 colorants of different classes were studied and found that generally the most unstable were faded more efficiently by visible light while those of higher li~htf~stn~ were degraded mainly by ultraviolet light (McLaren, K., J. Soc. Dyers Colour, 1956, 72, 86).
The influence of a substrate on colorant stability can be extremely important. Colorant fading may be retarded or promoted by some chemical group within the substrate. Such a group can be a ground-state species or an excited-state species. The porosity of the substrate is also an illlpol~allt factor in colorant stability. A high porosity can promote fading of a colorant by facilitating penetration of moisture and gaseous reactants into the substrate. A substrate may also act as a protective agent by screening the colorant from light of wavelengths capable of causing degradation.
The purity of the substrate is also an important consideration whenever the photochemistry of dyed technical polymers is considered.
For example, technical-grade cotton, viscose rayon, polyethylene, poly~lo~ylene, and polyisoprene are known to contain carbonyl group u~i~ies. These impurities absorb light of wavelengths greater than 300 nm, which are present in snnli~ht, and so, excitation of these impurities may lead to reactive species capable of causing colorant fading (van Beek, H.C.A., Col. Res. Appl., 1983, 8(3), 176).
Therefore, there exists a need for methods and compositions which are capable of stabili~ing a wide variety of colorants from the effects of both sunlight and artificial light.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

S~lmm~ry of the Inven~ion The present invention addresses the needs described above by providing compositions and methods for stabilizing colorants against radiation in~lu~ling radiation in the visible wavelength range.
The present invention also relates to colorant compositions having improved stability, wherein the colorant is associated with a colorant stabilizer. In one embodiment, the colorant stabilizer of the present invention is an arylimin~lk~ne having the following general formula:

R4~ C~ \R

Rs wherein R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or sul~stitllt~d aryl group, R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, lS aryl, heteroaryl group, or substitllted aryl group;
R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group; and Rs is an aryl, heteroaryl, polyalkene, or substituted aryl group;
wherein R1, R2, or R4 are an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group.
Desirably, the alkene group is in the trans configuration.
In another embodiment of the present invention, heavy atoms are added to conventional dyes to stabilize the dyes. These heavy atoms include Group VII ions including iodide ions. It has further been determined that the counterion is desirably a large ion with a relatively low charge density.
These counterions should be sodium or larger. The counterions also include relatively large organic counterions such as tetramethyl~mmonillm.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, highly effective dye stabilizers include derivatives of phenols with the following general formula:

CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
W097/20000 PCTAUS96tl9169 R2~0R4 wherein Rl is iodine, or an alkyl group having between l and 5 carbon atoms;
R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms; and R4 is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, or hydrogen, wherein the sugar includes, but is not limited to, glucose, fructose, polyether sugars, monosacch~rides, polysacçh~ricles, cyclo(1extrin~, including but not limited to, a-cyclodextrin, ,B-cyclodextrin, ry-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl ,B-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ,~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl a cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl a. cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ,~ cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~ cyclodextrin, octyl succinated o~ cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ,B cyclodextrin, octyl succinated r cyclodextrin and sulfated ,~
cyclodextrin and sulfated ~-cyclodextrin. In particular, the triiodophenols and trimethylphenols and the water soluble derivatives thereof are particularly effective in s~:~hili7in~ a wide variety of dyes.
In yet another embodiment, the colorant stabilizer of the present invention is a reducing agent. The reducing agent includes, but is not limited to, sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), cysteine, sodium nitrite, sodium phosphite, and citric acid. A desired reducing agent is sodium thiosulfate. In this embodiment, the stabilizer may be admixed with the colorant, or it may be applied to a substrate to which the colorant will be applied. Although the reducing agent alone stabilizes a colorant, it is desirable that the reclucing agent is cnmhin~cl with one or moreof the above stabilizers.
In another embodiment, the colorant stabilizer of the present invention is a molecular incll~ nt having a chemical structure which defines at least one cavity. The molecular includant may be on or in a substrate to which the colorant will be applied, or it may be present in a colorant solution. The molecular includant may be, but is not limited to, clathrates, CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
W O 97/2000fl PCTrUS96/19169 zeolites, crown ethers, calixarenes, valinomycin type natural antibiotics, various polyether compounds, nigericin type natural antibiotics, and cyclic compounds cont~ining a plurality of pyranose rings. The cyclic compounds include, but are not limited to, cyclodextrins such as oc-cyclodextrin, ,~-cyclodextrin, ~-cyclodextrin, ~-cyclodextrin, and derivatives thereof. A
desired molecular includant is cyclodextrin. A more desired molecular inr.lu(l:~nt iS ~-cyclodextrin. Desirably, the molecular in~h~ nt is present on or in the substratç to which the colorant will be applied.
The substrates to which the colorant stabilizers are applied include, but are not limited to, paper, wood, a wood product or composite, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, textile, plastic, glass, metal, or any other substrate that would benefit from having a stabilized colorant thereon.
Although the molecular includant in or on the substrate stabilizes a colorant that is applied thereto, it is desirable that the colorant is combined with one or more of the above stabilizers. Additionally, in the embodiment where the molecular ine~ nt iS present in a colorant solution, the colorant stabilizing molecules can be associated with one or more molecular includants. Additionally, the includants can have multiple colorant stabilizing molecules associated therewith. In some embodiments, the colorant is at least partially included within a cavity of the molecular includant and the colorant stabilizing molecules are associated with the molecular includant outside of the cavity. In some embodiments, the colorant stabilizing molecules are covalently coupled to the outside of the molecular inr,~ nt, In another embodiment, a colorant st~hili7er, such as a molecular includant, is present in a polymer coating of a heat transfer product, such as is used for transferring graphic images onto clothing.
In another embodiment, a colorant stabilizer contains porphines that have an extremely short triplet state lifetime. (See e.g., Kubat, et al., Photophysical properties of metal complexes of meso-tetrakis (4-~ sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin, J. Photochem. and Photbio. A: Chemistry 96 (1996), pgs 93-97 which is incorporated herein by reference). An example of such a porphine is represented by Cu-meso-tetra-(4-sulfanatophenyl)-porphine (desi~n~tç~l CuTPPS4) and Cu-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphine, having the following structures:

CA 022l0480 l997-07-2=, WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 N~ Cu---N

and =~ N, --~u---N
CH3 l ~H3 wherein the copper ion can also be substituted with a cobalt ion. Other metal ions can be substituted in the porphine molecule as long as the molt~.cllle has a relatively short-lived triplet state.
The colorant stabilizing additive can also optionally be dimethyl amino benzoic acid quat (dcsign~te~l DMABAQ), represented by the following structure:

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/2~000 PCT~US96119169 CH / ~CO~H2CH2~CH3 The colorant st~hiTi7ing additive can also optionally be a basic fuschin hydrazone, represented by the following structure:

~S ~NH2+
NH
N
~C--CH=CH~

S In addition, the colorant stabilizing additive of this invention is a benzophenone, of the general formula:

<~ ~R
wherein R represents any substituents which permit the benzoph~.nnn~ to function as a colorant stabilizer.
Accordingly, each of these embodiments of the present invention provide stabilizing molecules that, when one or more of the stabilizing molecules are associated with a colorant, stabilizes the colorant. Therefore, the stabilizing molecules can be used as an additive to any colorant composition. For e~mple7 as certain of the stabilizing molecules are poorly soluble in water, they can be directly added to solvent or oil based (not water based) colorant compositions. Additionally, the stabilizing molecules can be added to other colorant compositions that contain additives enabling the solubilization of the stabilizing molecule therein. Further, the stabilizing CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 molecules can be solubilized in an aqueous solution by attaching the molecule to a large water soluble molecule, such as a cyclodextrin.
The colorant stabilizers are particularly effective in ink jet inks. Use of the colorant stabilizers, as described herein, intensifies the colors and stabilizes the colors when exposed to light. Additionally, the colorant stabilizers are particularly effective in paper such as ink jet paper. Use of the colorant stabilizers in a substrate, as described herein, stabilizes a colorant to which it is applied. Also, colorant stabilizers in a substrate has been found to have the unexpected result of reducing the yellowing of the substrate itself upon exposure to light.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become a~pal~l,L after a review of the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments and the appended claims.

Detailed Description of the Invention This application is directed to compositions and methods for stabilizing colorants against radiation including radiation in the visible wavelength range. The compositions and methods relating to stabilizing a colorant by a~lmixing a stabilizing molecule with a colorant solution will first be addressed below. Subsequently, the compositions and methods relating to stabilizing a colorant by applying the colorant to a treated substrate containing a stabilizing molecule will be tli~cuc~e~l Admixing Stabilizing Molecules Into Colorant Solutions.
The present invention relates to colorant compositions having ;mproved stability, wherein the colorant stabilizer is associated with a colorant solution. Desirably, the colorant stabilizer is admixed with a colorant solution. The colorant stabilizer is desirably an aryliminealkene compound. Other desired colorant stabilizers are heavy atoms such as the iodide ion and phenol derivatives such as triiodophenol, trimethylphenol, and de,ivativ~s thereof. Additional colorant stabilizers include reducing agents such as sodium thiosulfate. Furthermore, colorant stabilizers include porphines, hydrazones, and benzophenones. The colorant stabilizers of the present invention are admixed with a colorant to stabilize the colorant when CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 the a(l,llix~ e is exposed to electromagnetic radiation such as artificial lightor sunlight.
The present invention further relates to a method of stabilizing a colorant compris;ng associating one or more of the colorant stabilizers with the colorant solution. Optionally, the colorant st~hili7~r may be associated with a molecular inclu~ns.
The present invention is particularly useful for stabilizing inks to be used in ink jet printers. Inks used in ink jet printers are described in U.S.
Patent Application No. 08/461,365 filed n June 5, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Thus, in one embodiment, the aryliminealkene stabilizing composition is shown by the following general formula:

Il \ R2 wherein R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or ~u~liluled aryl group;
R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or ~,ubsliluled aryl group, and Rs is an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group;
wherein R1, R2, or R4 are an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group.
Desirably, the alkene group is in the trans configuration.
Desirably, the aryliminealkene stabilizing compound has the following formula.

<~CH=CH--C~
or CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCT/USg6/19169 ~CH ~C H~--C H3 or ~C--CH=CH--CH3 Accordingly, this embodiment of the present invention provides a stabilizing molecule, the above aryliminealkene, which when associated with a colorant, stabilizes the colorant. Therefore, the above alylilllil~P~lk~n~ can be used as an additive to any colorant composition. For example, as certain of the arylimin~lkene compounds are poorly water soluble, they can be directly added to solvent or oil based ~not water based) colorant compositions. Additionally, the alylilrli~ lk~nt- compound can be added to other colorant compositions that contain additives enabling the solubilization of the compound therein. Further, the aryliminealkene stabilizing compounds can be solubilized in an aqueous solution by associating the compound with a large water soluble molecule, such as a cyclodextrin.
The term "composition" and such variations as "colored composition" are used herein to mean a colorant and one or more colorant stabilizers of the present invention. The composition can optionally include molecul~r in~,ln(l~nt As used herein, the term "colorant" is meant to include, without limitation, any m~teri~l which typically will be an organic m~teri~l, such as an organic colorant or dye. The term is meant to include a single m~tto.ri~l or a mixture of two or more m~tPri~l~
The term "light-stable" is used herein to mean that the colorant, when associated with one of the colorant stabilizing molecules of the present invention, is more stable to electromagnetic radiation, including, but not limited to, sunlight or artificial light, than when the colorant is not associated with such a compound.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCT/t'S96/19169 The term "molecular includant," as used herein, is inten(led to mean any substance having a chemical structure which defines at least one cavity.
That is, the molecular includant is a cavity-cont~ining structure. As used herein, the term "cavity" is meant to include any opening or space of a size suf~lcient to accept at least a portion of the colorant.
The term "functionalized molecular includant" is used herein to mean a molecular includant to which one or more molecules of a colorant st~hili7er are covalently coupled to each molecule of the molecular inr.l~ nt The term "degree of substitution" is used herein to refer to the number of these molecules or leaving groups (defined below) which are covalently coupled to each molecule of the molec~ r inr.l~ nt The term "derivatized molecular inclurlant" is used herein to mean a molecular includant having more than two leaving groups covalently coupled to each molecule of molecular incll~ nt The term "leaving group"
is used herein to mean any leaving group capable of participating in a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. Examples of molecular inrl~ nt~ include, but are not limited to, the cyclodextrins.
The term "artificial light" is used herein to mean light having a relatively broad bandwidth that is produced from conventional light sources, including, but not limited to, conventional incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent light bulbs.
The term "thereon" is used herein to mean thereon or therein. For example, the present invention includes a substrate having a colored composition thereon. According to the definition of "thereon" the colored composition may be present on the substrate or it may be in the substrate.
In several embo~iment.c, the colorant stabilizer may be optionally associated with a molecular includant. It is to be noted that in all the compositions that contain a molecular includant, the number of such stabilizer molecules can be between app~ lately 1 and approxim~t~ly 21 molecules per molecular includant. Of course, in certain situations, there - can be more than 21 molecnl~s per molecular includant molecule. Desirably, there are more than three of such stabilizer molecules per molecular inc.l~ nt.
The degree of substitution of the functionalized molecular includant may be in a range of from 1 to approximately 21. As another example, the CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCT/US96/1~169 degree of substihltion may be in a range of from 3 to about 10. As a further example, the degree of substitution may be in a range of from about 4 to about 9.
In some emborlimPn~ of the present invention, the colorant is associated with the molecular includant. The term "associated" in its broadest sense means that the colorant is at least in close proximity to the molecular includant. For example, the colorant may be m~int~ined in close proximity to the molecular includant by hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, or the like. Alternatively, the colorant may be covalently bonded to the molecular includant, although this normally is neither desired nor necessary. As a further example, the colorant may be at least partially incll-(lP(l within the cavity of the molecular includant.
The dye or colorant, for example, may be an organic dye. Organic dye classes inclllde, by way of illustration only, triarylmethyl dyes, such as Malachite Green Carbinol base { 4-(dimethylamino)-oc - [4 -(dimethylamino)phenyl]-o~-phenyl-benzene-methanol}, Malachite Green Carbinol hydrochloride {N-4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]phenyl-methylene]-2~5-cyclohexyldien-l-ylidene]-N-methyl-meth~n~
chloride or bis[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]phenylmethylium chloride}, and Malachite Green oxalate {N-4-[[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-phenylmethylene]-2~5-cyclohexyldien-l-ylidene]-N-methyl-meth~n~
chloride or bisLp-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]phenylmethylium oxalate };
monoazo dyes, such as Cyanine Black, Chrysoidine [Basic Orange 2; 4-(phenylazo)-1,3-benzenP~ minP monohydrochloride], Victoria Pure Blue BO, Victoria Pure Blue B, basic fuschin and ~-Naphthol Orange; thi~7in~
dyes, such as Methylene Green, zinc chloride double salt [3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-6-nitrophenothiazin-~-ium chloride, zinc chloride double salt]; oxazine dyes, such as Lumichrome (7,8-dimethylalloxazine);
naphth~limi(le dyes, such as Lucifer Yellow CH { 6-amino-2-[(hydrazino-carbonyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-lH-benz[de]iso-quinoline-5,8-disulfonic acid dilithium salt}; azine dyes, such as Janus Green B {3-(diethylamino)-7-[[4-(dimethyl-amino)phenyl]azo]-S-phenylphP,n~7.inillm chloride}; cyanine dyes, such as Lndocyanine Green ~Cardio-Green or Pox Green; 2-[7-[1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-2H-benz[e]indol-3 5 2-ylidene] -1,3 ,5 -heptatrienyl] -1,1 -dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)- 1 E~-CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97t20~Q0 PCT~US96/19169 benz[e]indolium hydroxide inner salt sodium salt}; indigo dyes, such as Indigo {Indigo Blue or Vat Blue 1; 2-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-one}; coumarin dyes, such as 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin (4-methylumbelliferone); benzimidazole dyes, such as Hoechst 33258 [bisbenzimide or 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2,5-bi- 1 ~I-benzimidazole trihydro-chloride pentahydrate];
paraquinoidal dyes, such as Hematoxylin {Natural Black 1; 7,11b-dihydrobenz[b~-indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,4,6a,9,10(6H)-pentol }; fluorescein dyes, such as FluoresceinarIune ~5-aminofluorescein); diazonium salt dyes, such as Diazo Red RC (Azoic Diazo No. 10 or Fast Red RC salt; 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzenediazonium chloride, zinc chloride double salt);
azoic diazo dyes, such as Fast Blue BB salt (Azoic Diazo No. 20; 4-benzoylamino-2,5-diethoxy-benzene diazonium chloride, zinc chloride double salt); phenylene~ rnine dyes, such as Disperse Yellow 9 [N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1,4-phenylenerli~mine or Solvent Orange 53]; diazo dyes, such as Disperse Orange 13 [Solvent Orange 52; 1-phenylazo-4-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)naphthalene]; anthra-quinone dyes, such as Disperse Blue 3 [Celliton Fast Blue FFR; 1-methylamino-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-9,10-anthraquinone], Disperse Blue 14 [Celliton Fast Blue B; 1,4-bis(methylamino)-9,10-anthraquinone], and Alizarin Blue Black B
(Mordant Black 13); trisazo dyes, such as Direct Blue 71 {Benzo Light Blue FFL or Sirius Light Blue BRR; 3-[(4-[(4-[(6-amino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfo-2-n~phth~lenyl)azo]-6-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)-azo}-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-1,5-naph~h~lenedisulfonic acid tetrasodium salt}; xanthene dyes, such as 2,7-dichloro-fluorescein; proflavine dyes, such as 3,6-diaminoacridine hemisulfate (Proflavine); sulfonaphthalein dyes, such as Cresol Red (o-cresolsulfonaphthalein); phthalocyanine dyes, such as Copper Phthalocyanine {Pigment Blue 15; (SP4-1)-[29H,31H-phthalocyanato~2-)-N ,N ,N ,N ]copper}; carotenold dyes, such as trans-~-carotene (Food Orange 5); carminic acid dyes, such as Carmine, the alllminl-m or - calcium-~lllminllm lake of c:~rminic acid (7-a-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy- 1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracene-~ carbonylic acid); azure dyes, such as Azure A [3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride or 7-(dimethyl-amino)-3-imino-3H-phenothiazine hydrochloride]; and acridine dyes, such as CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCT/USg6/19169 Acridine Orange [Basic Orange 14; 3,8-bis(dimethylamino)acridine hydrochloride, zinc chloride double salt] and Acriflavine (Acriflavine neutral; 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixture with 3,6-acridine~ mint-).
~n ~l~pa~ g the arylimin~q~lkene colorant stabilizer of the present invention, one can, for example, start with a chalcone which is represented by the following formula:

~ C - CH = CH ~

It is to be understood that the phenyl groups on the chalcone can be substitutecl with a wide variety of substitnent.c. The chalcone is then reacted with a ~ ~y arnine having the following general formula:

wherein R is an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group. A desirable primary amine is 2 amino benzene sulfonic acid. The reaction is carried out in a nonaqueous solvent such as absolute alcohol. The re.sllltin~ compound has the following general structure:
R

~C--CH=CH ~

Accordingly, the colorant stabilizer of the present invention is an alyliminP~lkP.n~-. having the following general formula:

N
Rl--C{~lt=CH R2 wherein if Rl is an aryl group, then R2 is a hydrogen; heterocyclic; alkyl;
aryl, or a phenyl group, the phenyl group optionally being substituted with an alkyl, halo, amino, or a thiol group; and if R2 is an aryl group, then Rl is hydrogen; heterocyclic; alkyl; aryl, or a phenyl group, the phenyl group optionally being substituted with an alkyl, halo, amino, or a thiol group.
R3 is an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group. Desirably, the alkene group is in the trans configuration.

Desirably, the aryliminealkene stabilizing compound has the following formula:

HO3S 1' ~ CH=C H--C~
or HO3S/[~

(~CH=CI ~ C--CH3 or HO3S/[~

~C--CH=CH--CH3 The SO3H group can be in the ortho, meta or para position.
Ye~ another embodiment of the aryliminP:~lk~ne compound is an imine adduct of basic fuschin and is shown in the following formula:

~NH2+ Cl ~C--CH =CH ~>

CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 WO 97/20000 PCT~US96tl9169 1~
The imine adduct of basic fuschin can be synthesized according to Example 7 below.
In the embodiment where the aryliminealkene compound is covalently attached to another molecule, whichever R1 or R2 that is an aryl S group will have a group including, but not limited to, a carboxylic acid group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, a haloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a thioalkyl group ?~tt~rh( ~l thereto to allow the arylimine~lkPne to be covalently bonded to the other molecule. Accordingly, the aryliminealkene stabilizing compound is represented by the following formula:

HOOC~H=CH--C~
or N

HOOC~CH=CI ~ C--CH3 or ~ C H = C H - C ~ COOH
or R

HOOC ~ C - CH = CH - CH3 wherein R is an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group. Although it is plc~ d that the group attached to the aryl group is para to the rem~in(lPr of the st~hili~.r molecule, the group may also be ortho or meta to the rem~in-ler of the molecule.
Accordingly, this embodiment of the present invention provides a stabilizing aryliminealkene which, when associated with a colorant, stabilizes the colorant. Therefore, the above arylimin~lkPnes can be used CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 as an additive to any colorant composition. For example, if the arylimine~lkene compound is not water soluble or is poorly water soluble, it can be directly added to solvent or oil colorant compositions. Additionally, the a ylilllir~ kene compound can be added to other colorant compositions that contain additives enabling the snl~1bili7~tion of the compound therein.
This embodiment provides a method for stabilizing a colorant by ~lmixing the arylimine~lkene compound with the colorants in an amount effective to stabilize the colorant. The aryliminealkene desirably should be present in the colorant solution at a concentration of approximately 0.1 to 50% by weight, desirably between approximately 20% and 30% by weight.
In other words, the aryliminP~lkene should be equivalent in concentration to the colorant or should be at a higher concentration than the colorant. If no cyclodextrin or derivatized cyclodextrin is used, the desirable range is aL~ x i ~ tely 1 part dye to a~p~ "-ately 20 parts arylimine~lk~.nP
Although the aryliminealkene compound need only be associated with the colorant, in some embodiments of the present invention, the arylimin~.~lkene compound may be covalently bonded to the colorant.
Another embodiment of the present invention is amino sulfonic acid represented by the following formula:
N~2 ~ SO3H
The SO3H group can be in the ortho, meta or para position.
Another embodiment of colorant stabilizers include derivatives of phenols with the following general formula:

R2~oR4 wherein Rl is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
- R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms, CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atorns; and R4 is a hydrogen, sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, or hydrogen, wherein the sugar includes, but is not limited to, glucose, fructose, polyether sugars, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, in~ ling but not limited to, a.-cyclodextrin"~-cyclodextrin, ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl ,~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ,B-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl oc cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl oc cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ,B cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl r cyclodextrin, octyl succinated oc cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ,~ cyclodextrin, octyl succinated cyclodextrin and sulfated ,B cyclodextrin and sulfated ~-cyclodextrin.
The phenol de.ivaliv~s are desirably added to the colorant solution at a concentration of between 0.5 and 10 molar equivalents to the concentration of the colorant.
A desired colorant stabilizer is triiodophenol (Aldrich). The triiodophenol has the following formula:
I

I ~ OH

The triiodophenolates are desirably added to the colorant solution at a concentration of between 0.5 and 10 equivalents to the concentration of the colorant.
A desired colorant st~bili7Pr inrllldes trimethylphenol and derivatives thereof. The trimethylphenols have the following formula, wherein one or more of the methyl groups may be sul)sL;LuLed with another alkyl or alkenyl group:

CH3~0H

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 The trimel~ly~ ellols are desirably added to the colorant solution at a concentration of between 0.5 and 10 equivalents to the concentration of the colorant. Similarly, another desired colorant stabilizer is triiodophenol, which is desirably added to the colorant solution at a concentration of between 0.5 and 10 equivalents to the concentration of the colorant.
Further, the water solubility of the stabilizing compounds, incl~lfling but not limited to the aryliminealkenes or triiodophenols or the trimethyphenols, can be increased by a variety of means. The desirable means of increasing the water solubility of the phenol-based stabilizing compounds is to add a water soluble moiety to the hydroxyl group on the phenol. In this embodiment, R4 of the above phenol figure is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, or polyether compound, wherein the sugar includes, but is not limited to, glucose, fructose, polyether sugars, monosaccharides, polys~cch~ri(les, cyclo~extrins, including but not limited to, ~-cyclodextrin, ~-cyclodextrin, y-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl ,B-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ,~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl oc cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl oc cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~ cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl cyclodextrin, octyl succinated oc cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ~
cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ~ cyclodextrin and sulfated ~ cyclodextrin and sulfated ~-cyclodextrin.
Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention the means of increasing the water solubility of the stabilizing compounds of the present invention is to react the phenol with a sugar, to produce the following representative compounds:

CH3~0R

or 1~ OR

-W O 97/20000 PCTfUS96/19169 wherein R is any group capable of rentlering the phenol more water soluble.
More particularly, the R group may be, but is not limited to a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, or polyether compound, wherein the sugar includes, but is not S limited to, glucose, fructose, polyether sugars, monosaccharides, polysacch~ri~les, cyclodextrin~, inçll1tling but not limited to, a-cyclodextrin,,B-cyclodextrin, ~y-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl ,B-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl a cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl oc cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ,B cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl cyclodextrin, octyl succinated a cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ,B
cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ~cyclodextrin and slllf~t~d ~ cyclodextrin and sulfated ~-cyclodextrin.. A desired R group is 1,2-o-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose. The resultant desired stabilization compound is represented by the following figures CH3 ~OCH2--8H $~o or ~OCH2--CH~O~CH

Fx~mI)les 21, 22 and 24 describe how to prepare the above water soluble phenols. A more desired R group is glucose, where the ketal group of the above phenol-sugar compounds has been removed as described in .x~mr les 23 and 25 producing the st~hili7;ing compounds shown below.

CH3~0CH2--CH~OH

C~3 OH
or ~O CHz--C H~OH
OH
The colorant st~hili7Pr compounds above in which the ketal group has been removed is a more desired stabilizer compound as it is more water soluble than if the ketal group is present.
Another desired colorant stabilizing compound is 3-(2,4,6-triiodophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, as shown below ~OCH2CHCH20H

Another means of increasing the water solubility of the stabilizing compounds of the present invention is to associate the compound to a large water soluble molecule, such as a cyclodextrin or desirably a derivatized cyclodextrin. Desirably, the de,iv~ ed cyclodextrin is ethylhydroxy ,B-cyclodextrin. An example of such a covalent association of the stabilizing compounds is the triiodophenol or the trimethylphenol covalently bound with an ethylhydroxy ,B-cyclodextrin as represented in the following formulas:

(I~CH2--CH23~CD

or (CH3~0--CH2--CH2~,;CD

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 wherein n = 1 to 21 and CD = cyclodextrin. The aryliminealk-~n~s can be covalently ~tt~c h~cl to the ~-cyclodextrin via any suitable functional group.
An e~mple of such an association is represented in the following formula:
I

(~CH=CI ~ C~C--O--CH2--CH2~CD

wherein R is an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group, n= 1 to 21 and CD = ~-eyclodextrin. It is to be Imtlerstood that any of the arylimint~.~lk~nt~.s can be covalently attached to the derivatized cyclodextrin through the a~plu~liate functiûnal groups. The water solubility of the triiodophenols or the trimethyphenols can be increased by adding a soluble compound to the 1 0 molecule.
The association can be an ad~ ul~ or can be a covalent attachment.
Desirably, between about 1 and 12 stabilizing molecules can be attached to a cyclodextrin molecule. More desirably, between about 4 to about 9 stabilizing molecules are ~tt~hP.cl to a cyclodextrin molecule. Accordingly, the stabilizing eompound attached to eyelodextrin can be added to any aqueous colorant system to stabilize the colorant therein. It is to be understood that the stabilizing arylimin~lk~nçs do not have to be attached to the mt~lec~ r inch~ nt~ to exhibit their stabilizing activity.
Although not wanting to be limited by the following, it is thought that the stabilizer compounds of the present invention exhibit excellent stabilizing L,lopt;llies as their high water solubility m~int~ins the amount of additive present in solution over time, so that the additive continues to provide its st~hili7.~tion properties to the ~cllllixlllle. A stabilizing additive precipitating out of a colorant composition negatively impacts the composition as less of the stabilizer remains in the solution, and therefore the colorant composition is less stabilized. Further, if the stabilizing additive is used in ink jet inks and cartridges, such precipitation can clog theink jet printer and can other wise negatively impact the printing quality of the ink. A surprising and unexpected feature of the present invention is that the stabilizing compound is extremely water soluble, and does not precipitate out of ink solutions over time.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/~0000 PCT/USs6/19169 A third class of colorant stabilizers that are considered part of the present invention are heavy atoms such as iodide. These compounds are desirably associated with large counterions such as sodium or larger. It has been determined that smaller counterions, such as pot~ium, provide poor stabilization of the colorants. The desirable salt is sodium iodide. Another desirable salt is tetramethyl ammonium iodide. The preferred concentration of the heavy atoms is between approximately 0.5 to 5 mole equivalents.
The iodide salt is added to the colorant before exposure to the electrom~gnPti~ radiation.
Examples 26 and 27 report the fade testing results of Hewlett Packard magenta ink admixed with various combinations of stabilizing compounds of the present invention. More particularly, 3 molar equivalents of the trimethylphenol sugar produced in Example 23, 4 molar equivalents of the triiodophenol sugar produced in Example 25, and two molar equivalents of sodium iodide were admixed with HP magenta ink having already ~rlmix~.d therein 2% by weight 13-hydroxyethyl cyclodextrin. It is to be understood that the molar equivalents of the various stabilizing compounds can be varied. In conl~alison with the ink on the control sheets of paper and transparencies, the above described ink on paper and 2() transparencies was much more stable. (See the tables in Example 26, and Example 27).
It is desirable that a colorant solution be stabilized with one or more of the following components in the following amounts: 2 to 10% wt/wt cyclodextrin or derivative thereof; 4-6% wtlwt of an aryliminealkene stabilizer of the present invention; Q.25 to 2 molar equivalents (eq) of an iodide; 2 to 7 eq of a triiodophenol sugar; 2 to 7 eq of a trialkyl phenol sugar; and 2 to 3 eq of ascorbic acid. More desirably, the colorant solution is to be stabilized with 2 to 10% wt/wt hydroxyethyl cyclodextrin; 4-6%
wt/wt of an arylimin~.~lk~ne stabilizer of the present invention; 0.25 to 2 molar equivalents (eq) of sodium iodide or tetramethyl amine iodide; 2 to 7 - eq of a triiodophenol sugar; 2 to 7 eq of a trimethyl phenol sugar; and 2 to 3 eq of ascorbic acid. It is to be understood that units of "eq" or "molar ~ equivalents" for stabilizing additives refers to molar equivalents of the stabilizing additives with respect to the dye. Additionally, it is to be WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 understood that units of "wt/wt" for st~hili7in~ additives refers to the weight of the additive with respect to the weight of the ink or colorant solution.
In another embodiment, a colorant solution is stabilized with the following: 4-10% fuschin imine adduct (Example 7), 0.25 to 2 eq of an S iodide ion; and 2-10% ,~-cyclodextrin, desirably hydroxyethyl ,B-cyclodextrin.
In another embodiment described in Fx~mple 37, a colorant st~hili7er, such as a molecul~lr includant, is present in a polymer coating of aheat transfer product, such as is used for transferring graphic images onto clothing.
In another embodiment described in Example 38, a colorant stabilizer is represented by the porphines Cu-meso-tetra-(4-sulf~n~tophenyl)-porphine (~esign~t~l CuTPPS4) and Cu-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphine (clesign~t~-d CuTMPS4), having the following ~LLU~LU1~;

/N~ CU---N \

or N
C, u----N
=

wherein the copper ion can also be substituted with a cobalt ion. It is also understood that in the case of CuTPPS4 or CoTPPS4, the sulfuric acid moieties may be substituted with salts when in solution, such as sodium salts. The colorant solution may be stabilized with about 0.1% to 10%
wt/wt porphine, more preferably about 0.3% to 1% wt/wt porphine, and more pl~;feldbly about 0.5% wtlwt porphine.
In another embodiment described in Example 38, the colorant stabilizing additive can also optionally be dimethyl amino benzoic acid quat (cle~ign~tPcl DMA13AQ), represented by the following structure:

CH3~N~COCH2CH2 1~--CH3 The colorant solution may be stabilized with about 0.1% to 15%
wtlwt DMABAQ, more preferably about 0.5% to 10% wtlwt DMABAQ, and more preferably about 1% to 5% wt/wt DMABAQ.
In another embodiment described in Example 39, the colorant st~hili7ing additive can also optionally be a basic fuschin hydld~ol1e, represented by the following structure:

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

~ ~NH2+

NH

~C--CH=CH~
The colorant solution may be stabilized with about Q.1% to 15%
wt/wt hydrazone, more preferably about 0.5% to 10% wt/wt hydrazone, and more preferably about 1% to 5% wt/wt hydrazone.
In addition, another embodiment of the colorant st~bili7ing additive of this invention as described in Example 40, is a benzophenone, of the general form~

(~ ~R
wherein R represents any substituents which permit the benzophenone to function as a colorant stabilizer. The colorant solution may be stabilized with about 0.01% to 15% wt/wt benzophenone, more preferably about 0.3% to 5% wt/wt benzophenone, and more preferably about 0.5% to 1% wt/wt benzophenone.
Although not wanting to be limited by the following, it is theorized that the above stabilizing compounds of the present invention, either admixed with a colorant solution or on or in a substrate to which the colorant is applied, act by q~len~hing the excited state of a dye molecule by efficiently Lelu~ g it to a ground state. This reduces the likelihood of an oxidative or other chemical reaction occurring which would render the dye chromophore colorless.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 The quenching process can occur by a number of processes. One such process is referred to as the heavy atom effect (internal or external) in which atoms with a high atomic number, such as iodine and xenon, can effect the excited electronic transitions of the dye molecule by allowing here to fore forbidden electronic transitions to occur and by decreasing the excited state lifetimes. This effect permits the rapid return of the dye to its ground state.
Another quenching process involves back electron transfer. in this case, quenching of the excited dye molecule occurs through sequential electron transfer. The additive or quencher, and dye form an ion pair through electron donation within which back electron transfer leads to an overall deactivation of the excited energy donor, i.e., the dye.
Another quenching process involves a condition in which the quencher (additive) molecule has an excited energy state lower than the ~5 excited dye. In this case, it may be possible to transfer the excited energy to the quencher thereby allowing the dye molecule to return to its ground state.
These mech~ni~m~ are more fully discussed in Chemistry and Light, Suppan, P., Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994, pgs 65 -69 which is incorporated herein by reference.
~n all cases, it is optionally desirable to add a molecular inr.lurl~nt to the colorant solution. The molecular includant can be inorganic or organic in nature. In certain embodiments, the chemical structure of the molecular includant is adapted to form a molecular inclusion complex. Examples of molecular includants are, by way of illustration only, clathrates or intercalates, zeolites, and cyclodextrins. Examples of cyclodextrins inclllde, but are not limited to, oc-cycloclextrin, ,B-cyclodextrin, ~-cyclodextrin, ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl ,~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl oc cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl a cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ,B cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~ cyclodextrin, octyl succinated a cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ~ cyclodextrin, octyl succinated - ~ cyclodextrin and sulfated ~ cyclodextrin and sulfated ~-cyclodextrin (.Am~.ric~n Maize-Products C~olnl)a~ly, Hammond, Indiana).
~ The term "derivatized cyclodextrin" as used herein means a cyclodextrin having more than two leaving groups covalently coupled to each molecule of cyclodextrin. The term "leaving group" is used herein to CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCTnJS96/19169 mean any leaving group capable of participating in a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. Examples of derivatized cyclodextrin includes, but is not limited to, hydro~y~ yl ,~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ,B-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl oc cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~
cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~ cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~ cyclodextrin, octyl succinated a cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ,~ cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ~ cyclodextrin and sulfated ,~ and ~-cyclodextrin. A desired deliv~ ed cyclodextrin is ethylhydroxy ,~-cyclodextrin.
A desired molecular includant is ~-cyclodextrin. Another desirable molecular includant is ~-cyclodextrin. In other emborliml nt~, the molecular includant is an ethyl hydroxy ,~-cyclodextrin. Although not wanting to be bound by the following theory, it is believed that the molecular includant inhibits the aggregation of the colorant molecule in solution. Other aggregation inhihitors that can be used in pr~rticing the present invention are starches, pectins, amyloses, clathrates and the crown ethers. It is to be understood that the addition of derivatized cyclodextrins to an ink f~rmnl~tion for the purpose of inhibiting aggregation and/or stabilizing the dyes in the inks is considered one aspect of the present invention.
In some embodiments, the colorant and the colorant ~t~bili7.ers are associated with the molecular includant. The term "associated", in its broadest sense, means that the colorant and/or the colorant stabilizers are at least in close proximity to the molecular includant. For example, the colorant and/or the colorant st~hili7ers can be m~int~in~.~l in close proximity to the molecular inclu(l~nt by hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions or the like.
Alternatively, either or both of the colorant and the colorant stabilizers can be covalently bonded to the molecular includant. In certain embo-lim~nt.~, the colorant will be associated with the molecular includant by means of hydrogen bonding and/or van der Waals forces or the like, while the stabilizing molecule is covalently bonded to the molecular includant. In other embodiments, the colorant is at least partially included within the cavity of the molecular includant, and the colorant stabilizer is located outside of the cavity of the molecular inch~ nt As a practical matter, the colorant, the colorant stabilizer and molecular includant are likely to be solids depending upon the constituents CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

2~
used to prepare the molecules. However, any or all of such m~teri~ can be a liquid. The colored composition can be a liquid either because one or more of its components is a liquid, or, when the molecular includant is organic in nature, a solvent is employed. Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide; sulfoxides, such as dimethylsulfoxide; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl butyl ketone; aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as hexane, octane, benzene, toluene, and the xylenes; esters, such as ethyl acetate;
water; and the like. When the molecular includant is a cyclodextrin, particularly suitable solvents are the arnides and sulfoxides.
In an embodiment where the composition of the present invention is a solid, the effectiveness of the above compounds on the colorant is improved when the colorant and the selected compounds are in intim~tf~
contact or in an association that approaches van der Waals radii. To this end, the thorough blending of the components, along with other components which may be present, is desirable. Such blending generally is accomplished by any of the means known to those having ordinary skill in the art. When the colored composition includes a polymer, blending is facilitated if the colorant and the colorant stabilizer are at least partly soluble ~0 in softened or molten polymer. In such case, the composition is readily prepared in, for example, a two-roll mill. ~lterr ~tively, the composition of the present invention can be a liquid because one or more of its components is a liquid.
For some applications, the composition of the present invention typically will be utilized in particulate form. In other applications, the particles of the composition should be very small. Methods of forming such particles are well known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
The colored composition optionally may also contain a carrier, the nature of which is well known to those having ordinary skill in the art. For many applications, the carrier will be a polymer, typically a thermosetting or - thermoplastic polymer, with the latter being the more common.
Examples of thermoplastic polymers include, but are not limited to:
end-capped polyacetals, such as poly(oxymethylene) or polyform~ lehyde, poly(trichloroacetaldehyde), poly(n-valeraldehyde), poly(~eet~ ehyde), poly(propionaldehyde), and the like; acrylic polymers, such as CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
wo 97/2~000 PCT/US96/19169 3~
polyacrylamide, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), and the like; fluorocarbon polymers, such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene), perfluorinated ethylenepropylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, poly-(chlolol.illuoro-ethylene), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl fluoride), and the like; epoxy resins, such as the conden.~tion products of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A; polyamides, such as poly(6-aminocaproic acid) or poly(~-caprolactam), poly(hexa-methylene adipamide), poly(hexamethylene sebacamide), poly( 11-aminolln(lecan~ic acid), and the like; polyaramides, such as poly(imino-1,3-phenyleneiminoisophthaloyl) or poly(m- phenylene isophth~l~micle), and the like; parylenes, such as poly-p-xylylene, poly(chloro-p-xylene), and the like; polyaryl ethers, such as poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) or poly(p-phenylene oxide), and the like; polyaryl sulfones, such as poly(oxy-1 ,4-phenyleneslllfonyl- 1 ,4-phenyleneoxy- 1 ,4-phenylene-isopropylidene-1 ,4-phenylene), poly(sulfonyl- l ,4-phenyleneoxy- 1 ,4-phenylenesulfonyl-4,4-biphenylene), and the like; polycarbonates, such as poly(bisphenol A) or poly(carbonyldioxy- 1 ,4-phenyleneisopropylidene- 1 ,4-phenylene), and the like; polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(tetramethylene tereph~h~l~t~), poly(cyclo-hexylene- 1 ,4-dimethylene terephthalate) or poly(oxy-methylene-1,4-cyclohexylenemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl), and t_e like; polyaryl sul~cles, such as poly(p-phenylene sulfide) or poly(thio-1,4-phenylene), and the like;
polyimides, such as poly(pyromellitimi~lo-l~4-phenylene)~ and the like;
polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(1-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(1-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), 1,2-poly-1,3-but~-liene7 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychlo~ ene, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, and the like; and copolymers of the foregoing, such as acrylonitrile-buta-dienestyrene (ABS) copolymers, styrene-n-butylmethacrylate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and the like.
Some of the more commonly used thermoplastic polymers include styrene-n-butyl methacrylate copolymers, polystyrene, styrene-n-butyl acrylate copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polycarbonates, CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 P~T/US96/19169 poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinylidene fluoride), polyamides (nylon-12), polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and epoxy resins.
Examples of thermosetting polymers include, but are not limited to, alkyd resins, such as phthalic anhydride-glycerol resins, maleic acid-glycerol resins, adipic acid-glycerol resins, and phthalic anhydride-pentaerythritol resins; allylic resins, in which such monomers as diallyl phth~l~te, diallyl isophth~l~tce diallyl maleate, and diallyl chlorendate serve as nonvolatile cross-linking agents in polyester compounds; amino resins, such as aniline-formaldehyde resins, ethylene urea-formaldehyde resins, dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, sulfonamide-formaldehyde resins, and urea-formaldehyde resins; epoxy resins, such as cross-linked epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A resins; phenolic resins, such as phenol-form~l-lehyde resins, including Novolacs and resols;
and thermosetting polyesters, silicones, and urethanes.
~n addition to the colorant, colorant stabilizer, and optional molecular includant, the colored composition of the present invention also can contain additional components, depending upon the application for which it is inten(le~l, Examples of such additional components incll-(le, but are not limited to, charge carriers, stabilizers against thermal oxidation, viscoelastic ~lop~ ies modifiers, cross-linking agents, plasticizers, charge control additives such as a quaternary ammonium salt; flow control additives such as hydrophobic silica, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, lithium stearate, polyvinylstearate, and polyethylene powders; and fillers such as calcium carbonate, clay and talc, among other additives used by those having ordinary skill in the art. Charge carriers are well known to those having ordinary skill in the art and typically are polymer-coated metal particles. The i~iP.ntitiP.s and amounts of such additional components in the colored composition are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
When the colorant stabilizers of the present invention are used to - stabilize the dyes in ink jet inks, it is desirable to filter the compositions through a small pore filter (.45 ,u) such as a Millipore~ filter before the ink - formulation is placed in an ink jet cartridge. This will reduce or elimin~
clogging of the cartridge ink nozzles due to particulate matter.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

Treated Substrates.
As stated above, colorant stabilizers may be present in a colorant solution, or present on or in a substrate to which the colorant is to be applied. When a colorant stabilizer is present in or on a substrate, the substrate is referred to as a "treated substrate". In one embodiment of the present invention, a treated substrate contains a reducing agent thereon or therein. In another embodiment, a treated substrate contains a molecular includant thereon or therein. In yet another embodiment, a treated substrate 1~) contains a molecular inclu~l~nt and a re~luçing agent thereon or therein. The term "stabilizing agent" is used to denote the colorant stabilizer in or on a substrate.
The substrate may be, but is not limited to, paper, wood, a wood product or composite, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, textile, plastic, glass, or any other substrate that would benefit from having a stabilized colorant thereon. A plastic substrate inr.lll~les, but is not limited to, a plastic film, a plastic nonwoven web, or a plastic woven web. A preferred substrate is paper. Any existing or future type of paper or paper products may be used in the present invention.
Examples of paper or paper products include, but not limited to, printing and writing papers, pa~ ging and industrial papers, paperboard, and tissue papers. Fx~mp]es of printing and writing papers include, but are not limited to the following: wood-free coated papers; wood-contslining coated papers; wood-free uncoated papers such as bond and writing paper, envelopes, offset and opa~ue circular, carbonless, tablet, forms bond, ledger, mimeograph, and manifold, duplication, fax base, thermal base, technical papers, superc~l~nclered, and specialty papers; uncoated wood-cont~ining papers such as superc~ n~lered, directory, specialty converting and publishing; bristols such as coated bristols, uncoated bleached bristols, tag, coated tag papers, f1le folders, and tabulating; and thin papers such as cigarette paper, bible paper, lightweight paper, lightweight specialty, manifold, cotton fiber papers, and specialty thin papers.
Examples of P7l~k~ging and industrial papers include, but are not limited to the following: breached Kraft paper such as grocers bags, shipping sacks, wlap~ g paper, and converting paper; unbleached Kraft CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

paper such as grocers bags, shipping sacks converting paper, wrapping paper, and envelopes. Examples of paperboard include, but are not limited to the following: containerboard such as unbleached linerboard, bleached linerboard, corrugated medium, and chip and filler board, folding boxboard/folding cartonboard such as solid bleached sulfite, bleached and unbleached bristols, coated recycled board, coated unbleached Kraft, milk, cup, plate and foodservice stock (coated or uncoated), and folding board;
gypsum wallboard; and tube/can and drum paperboard. Examples of tissue papers include, but are not limited to, sanitary tissues such as bathroom tissue, facial tissue, napkins, toweling, wiper stock, and other sanitary tissue papers.

Molecular Includant As stated above, a molecular includant is defined as any substance having a chemical structure which defines at least one cavity, wherein a cavity includes any opening or space of a size sufficient to accept at least a portion of a compound, such as, but not limited to, a colorant. The molecular includant can be inorganic or organic in nature. In certain embotlimr.nt~, the chemical structure of the molecular inrh~ nt is adapted to form a molecular inclusion complex. Molecular inrhlrl~ntc include, but are not limited to, clathrates or intercalates, zeolites, crown ethers, calixarenes,valinomycin type natural antibiotics, various polyether compounds, nigericin type natural antibiotics, or cyclic compounds cont~ining a plurality of pyranose rings, for example, those having formed cyclic compounds through 1,4 and 1,6 bonding of monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, galactose, etc.. , and disaccharides such as saccharose, m~ltose, lactose etc The cyclic compounds also include cyclodextrins such as alpha-cyclodextrin (or a-cyclodextrin), beta-cyclodextrin (or ,~-cyclodextrin), gamma-cyclodextrin (or ~-cyclodextrin), delta-cyclodextrin (or ~-cyclodextrin), and derivatives thereof such as hydroxypropyl ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ,B-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl a-cyclodextrin, ~ carboxymethyl a-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ,B-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~y-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated oc cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ~-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated ~-cyclodextrin, sulfated ,B-CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

cyclodextrin and sulfated ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyisopropyl ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl ~-cyclodextrin, octyl succinate ~-cyclodextrin, and carboxymethyl ~-cyclodextrin.
The oc-cyclodextrins contain 6 glucopyranose rings, the ,B-cyclodextrins contain 7 glucopyranose rings, the ~-cyclodextrins contain 8 glucopyranose rings, and the ~-cyclodextrins contain 9 glucopyranose rings. Cyclodextrin.c with 10, 11, or 12 glucopyranose rings may also be used in the present invention. A desirable cyclodextrin is any ~-cyclodextrin that is water soluble. In particular, hydroxyethyl ~-cyclodextrin, hydroxyisopropyl ~-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl ~-cyclodextrin are desirable molecular includants for the present invention. Another desirable cyclodextrin is any ,B-cyclodextrin that is water soluble. In particular, hydroxyethyl ,B-cyclodextrin is a preferred cyclodextrin.
The cyclodextrins suitable for the inks of the present invention can also, if desired, be modified by the addition of substituents. Substituents generally replace either the entire hydroxyl group or the hydrogen atom on one or more of the hydroxyl groups of the cyclodextrin ring. Examples of substituents include acyl groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with groups such as--OAc,--OC(O)CH2CH3,--OC-(O)(CH2)2cH3~--OC(O)(CH2)3CH3,--OC(O)CF3,--OC(O)Ph, or the like; alkyl and aryl groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with groups such as--OCH3,--OCH2CH3,--O(CH2)2CH3, --OC(CH3)3,--OPh, or the like; tosyl (4-methylbenzenesulfonyl), or Ts or related groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with--OTs or the like; mesyl (methanesulfonyl, or Ms) or related groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with--OMs or the like; amino groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with groups such as a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group, including cyclic amines and aromatic amines or the like; azido groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with--N3 or the like; halo substituents, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with a halogen atom, such as--F,--Cl,--Br, or--I; nitro groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with--ONO2;
phosphorus-cont:lining groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with groups such as--OPO3~2,--OPO3R2 (wherein R

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 is alkyl or aryl),--OPO3HR, or wherein two adjacent hydroxyl groups are replaced with groups such as--OP(O)(CH3)0--, or the like; imidazole groups and their derivatives; pyridine groups and their derivatives;
sulfur-cont~ining functional groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with groups such as --SCH3, --SCH2CH3, --S(CH2)2CH3, --SC(CH3)3, --OSO3~Na+, --OCH2SO3~Na~, --OCH2CH2S03~Na+, --O(CH2)3S03~Na+, or the lil~e; alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, or oxime groups; carboxylic acid groups and their derivatives; carbonate and carbamate groups; silicon, boron, or tin cont~ining groups, wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with groups such as--OSi(CH3)3,--OSi(CH3~2H,--CH2OSi(CH3)3, --CH2OSi(CH3)2H,--OB(CH2CH2)2,--CH2OB(CH2CH2)2,--CH-2OSn((CH2)3CH3)3, or the like; hydroxyalkyl groups, such as hydroxy ethyl groups, hydro~y~ yl groups, or the like; or any other suitable substituent.
In another embodiment, substituent or substituents in the cyclodextrin molecules are bonded to an oxygen atom in a ring glucose unit.
For example, the substituent can be an alkyl radical, desirably having up to about six carbon atoms. Another example of such a substituent has the formula--(CH--CHR1--O--)n--H wherein R1 is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having up to about six carbon atoms. In the above formula, n is a small whole number having a value up to about six; desirably, n is equal to 1. Preferred substituents of this type are hydroxyethyl and hydro~ypru~yl.
Yet another type of substituent on the cyclodextrin is a bridging group that links two cyclodextrin moieties. The bridging groups have the formula --CHR1-- CHOH--CHR1-- wherein R1 has the same significance as above. In these polymeric cyclodextrins, the number of cyclodextrin rings so bridged is from two to about six. In other words, there can be two cyclodextrin rings linked by the bridging group, or there can be three of the rings linked by two bridging groups, and so on, such that there can be six rings linked by five bridging groups. It is to be understood that higher polymers can be used in the invention if they have prop~l Lies analogous to the polymers within the range given above, and the increased size or molecular weight does not confer an undesirable pl~,pelLy CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97t20000 PCT~US96/19169 to the extent that it makes the m~teri~l unsuitable for use in the invention.
The polymeric cyclodextrins may have substituents in addition to the group that links or bridges two cyclodextrin moieties. For example, the cyclodextrin moieties may have one or more carboxyalkyl (--R--COOH) substit~lentc, wherein R is a lower alkylene radical having up to about 4 carbon atoms.
Cyclodextrin rings can also be bound together to form polymers by processes such as linking the cyclodextrin rings together with suitable multifunctional agents. For example, a poly~ cyclodextrin can be formed that is cro~linked with epichlorohydrin; this material is commercially available from American Tokyo Kasei, Inc., 9211 N. Harborgate St., Portland, OR 97203. It is to be understood that any method known to one of ordinary skill in the art may be used to covalently bind two or more molecular incl~ ntc together. A desired embodiment is to have croc~link~-l ~-cyclodextrin~c in or on a substrate.
Cyclodextrins are commercially available from, for example, American Maize-Products Company, of Hammond, Tndi~n~ Additional information regarding cyclodextrins and modi~led cyclodextrins is widely available in the chemical literature, and is sllmm~ri7ed in, for example, "Synthesis of (~h~.mic~lly Modified Cyclodextrins," A. P. Croft and R. A.
Bartsch, Tetrahedron, Vol. 39, No. 9, pages 1417 to 1474 (1983), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference. Substituted cyclodextrins are also shown in the publication "MolecusolTM: ~our Research Solution," Pharmetec, Inc. (1988), the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference. The hydroxypropyl substituted cyclodextrin is also suitable for the prevent invention.
Additionally, it is to be understood that the molecular includants of the present invention may have one or more of the stabilizer molecules cllssed above, which may be a-lmix~d into a colorant solution, associated therewith. The term "associated", in its broadest sense, means that the stabilizer molecule is at least in close proximity to the molecular incl~ nt For example, the stabilizer molecule can be m~int~in~d in close proximity to the molecular includant by hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions or the like.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96l19169 The molecular inrl~ nt in association with a colorant stabilizes the colorant. More particularly, the molecular includant stabilizes a colorant when it is present on or in the substrate upon which the colorant is applied.
In the embodiment where the molecular includant is present on or in the substrate, the molecular includant may be introduced onto or into the substrate by any method known to one of ordinary skill in the art, wherein the method does not destroy the molecular includant's ability to stabilize a colorant. In one embodiment, a treated substrate is one wherein the molecular includant is applied to the substrate in solution form and the substrate is subsequently dried to produce the substrate in the form it is to be utili7rrl. Any substrate may be used, wherein the substrate does not destroy the molecular inrlu~1~nt's ability to stabilize a colorant. A pl~fell~d substrate is paper. Any existing or ffiture type of paper or paper products may be used in the present invention.
The molecular incl~ nt may be applied while the substrate is being manufactured, or it may be applied after the substrate has been m~nl]f~rtllred. Where the substrate is paper, the molecular inrlnr1~nt may be admixed into the pulp during the process of m~nuf~.turing the paper. An amount of molecular includant is ~(lmixe(l with the pulp so that the paper produced contains an amount of molecular includant effective to stabilize a colorant thereon. Desirably, between approximately 30 to 80% molecular includant by weight is admixed with the pulp. More desirably, between 50 to 65% molecular includant by weight is admixed with the pulp. A
desirable amount of molecular includant in the final paper product is between 3% and 50% wt/wt. A more desired amount of molecular includant in the paper product is between 5 and 20%. Even more desired is between 7 and 10% of molecular includant in the paper product. Any method known in the art may be used to admix the molecular includant with the pulp, and produce the final paper product, wherein the molecular inr.h~ n~m~int~in~ its ability to stabilize a colorant. The above also applies ~ to the m~nll~rturing of wood pulp or composite substrates.Alternatively, the molecular includant may be applied to a ~ub~
after it has been m~nuf~ctured, by dipping the substrate in a solution of the molecular includant, spraying the substrate, coating the substrate, or soaking the substrate with a solution of the molecular includant. Any CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 method known in the art to apply a solution to a substrate and to dry the substrate may be used in the present invention so long as the molecular includant maintains its ability to stabilize a colorant. An amount of molecular includant solution is applied to the substrate so that after drying, the substrate contains an amount of molecular includant effective to stabilize a colorant thereon or therein.
Desirably, the concentration of the molecular includant solution is between 3% and 80% wt/wt. A more desired concentration is between 5 and 65%. An even more desired concentration is between 10 and 50%. A
desirable amount of molecular includant in or on the treated substrate is between 1% and 50% wt/wt. A more desired amount of molecular includant in or on the treated substrate is between 3 and 25%. Even more desired is between 5 and 20% of molecular includant in or on the treated ~ub~ . One embodiment of coating a molecular includant onto paper is fully described in F.x~mple 34.
In another embodiment, both the molecular includant and the colorant may be present within the substrate. The molecular includant and the colorant may be admixed with paper pulp, wood pulp, or monomers or oligomers, during the process of man~lf~ct-lring paper, wood products, or plastics respectively. ~l~ern~tively, one of the above components can be introduced during the m~nllf~rtllring process and the second component can be applied after the m~nl]f~ctllring process.
Examples 35 and 36 report the fade testing results of various magenta inks on treated and untreated paper. The magenta inks were studied as they tend to be the least stable of the widely used inks. More particularly, Hewlett-Packard (HP), American Ink Jet (AIJ), and Canon magenta ink jet inks, either with or without the stabilizing additives of the present invention, were printed on treated and untreated Hewlett-Packard plCllliUlll paper and then exposed to an Atlas Weatherometer for a total of 77 hours. The inks c~ g the additives of the present invention contained 5% wt/wt of the basic fuschin imine adduct prepared in F.x~mI~le 7, 0.25 eq of tetramethylammonium iodide, and 2% wt/wt of hydroxyethyl ,B-cyclodextrin. It is to be understood that the molar equivalents of the various stabilizing compounds can be varied.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/~0000 PCT/US96/19169 3g In ~xample 35, the treated paper was coated with ~-cyclodextrin as described in Px~mrle 34, such that the treated paper contained 7% wt/wt of the ~-cyclodextrin. After 77 total hours of exposure the change of color is - measured and the ~E* values compared. The /~F.* values reported in Fx~mple 35 for the HP and AIJ inks show that the molecular includant is an effective colorant stabilizer without the presence of additional stabilizing additives. More particularIy, the ~E* value for HP ink with no additives on untreated paper is 64, whereas the value for HP ink with no additives on cyclodextrin coated paper is 31.5. The ~E* value for AIJ ink with no additives on untreated paper is 37, whereas the value for AIJ ink with no additives on cyclodextrin treated paper is 13.7 Additionally, the ~E* values reported in Example 35 for the HP inks shows that the additives are an effective colorant stabilizer without the presence of the molecul~r inrl~ nt in the paper. More particularly, the ~E*
value for HP ink with additives on untreated paper is 25.0, whereas the ~E*
value for HP ink with no additives on untreated paper is 64Ø
The ~E* values reported in Example 35 also show that the molecular includant treated paper with the additive-cont~ining ink yields unexpectedly superior colorant stabilization results. More particularly, the ~E* value for HP ink with no additives on untreated paper is 64, with no additives on treated paper is 31.5, with additives on untreated paper is 25.0, and with additives on treated paper is 14.7. Accordingly, the /\F* values show that although the additives alone stabilize the HP and AIJ inks, and treated paper alone stabilizes the HP and AIJ inks, the most lightfast colorant is stabilized hy being associated with the additives in the solution and being printed on the treated paper.
In Example 36, three types of treated paper were studied along side of an uncoated paper. More particularly, HP Premium Ink Jet paper was treated with a 50% ~y-cyclodextrin solution, a 20% sodium thiosulfate solution, or a 20% ~-cyclodextrin/10% sodium thiosulfate solution. The uncoated paper that was also studied is Kimherly-Clark Bright White paper.
After printing, and exposure in the Atlas Weatherometer for 77 hours, the ~E* values were measured.
The ~F* values reported in Fx~mple 36 also show that although the additives alone stabilize the HP and AIJ inks, and treated paper alone CA 02210480 1997-07-2~ .
Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 stabilizes the ~P and AIJ inks, the most lightf~ct colorant is stabilized by being associated with the additives in the solution and being printed on the treated paper.
With respect to the Bright White paper stabilization results reported S in Fx~mpl~ 36, these results are not readily comparable to the stabilization results obtained regarding the HP Premium paper. More particularly, most ink Jet papers are coated so that the ink is not absorbed into the fibers of thepaper and instead remains on the surface of the paper. The coated paper thereby produces a superior ink jet printing quality. The HP Pl~;ll~iulll paper is an Px~mI~le of such a coated paper.
In contrast, the Kimberly-C}ark Bright White paper is not a coated paper. Accordingly, when an ink is printed thereon, the ink is wicked or absorbed into the bulk of the fibers of the paper, and does not remain on the surface of the paper, thereby yielding a different quality of printing.
Although not wanting to be bound by the following, it is theorized that the ink that is absorbed into the uncoated paper is protected from degradation from light by the fibers of the paper. In contrast, inks that are printed on coated paper remain on the surface of the paper and receive no protection from the fibers of the paper. Accordingly, the stability and quality of printing of inks that are printed on an uncoated paper cannot be compared directly to inks that are printed on coated paper.

Reducing Agent In the embodiment where the treated substrate contains a re(lllcin~
agent, the reducing agent may be, but is not limited to, sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), cysteine, sodium nitrite, sodium phosphite, sodium citrate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, boron hydride, dithionite, hydrazine, thiourea-dioxide, hydrogen sulphite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, pot~ m hydrogen sulfite, ammonium hydrogen sulfite, sodium trithionite, and polyhydric phenols. A desired reducing agent is sodium thiosulfate.
The re~luçing agent in association with a colorant stabilizes the colorant. The reducing agent stabilizes a colorant when it is present on or in the substrate upon which the colorant is applied, or when it is admix~cl with the colorant prior to its application to the substrate. Also, the re~ cin~ agent CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

may be present both on or in the substrate upon which the colorant is applied and a-lmix~(l with the colorant prior to its application. Additionally, the reducing agent may be applied to the colorant after the colorant has been applied to a substrate.
In the embodiment where the re~l~çing agent is present on or in the ~ubsl,~le, the re-l~lcing agent may be introduced onto or into the substrate by any method known to one of ordinary skill in the art, wherein the method does not destroy the reducing agent's ability to stabilize a colorant. The reducing agent may be applied while the substrate is being m~nllf~ctllred, or it may be applied after the substrate has been manufactured. It is to be understood that when a reducing agent is present on or in a substrate in the form it is to be utili7~1 the substrate is referred to as a "treated substrate".In one embodiment, a treated substrate is one wherein the reducing agent was applied to the substrate in solution form and the substrate has been ~5 subsequently dried to produce the substrate in the form it is to be utili7.~rl Any substrate may be used, wherein the substrate does not destroy the reducing agent's ability to stabilize a colorant. As stated above, the substrate may be, but is not ~imited to, paper, wood, a wood product or composite, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, textile, plastic, glass, or any other substrate that would benefit from having a stabilized colorant thereon.
A preferred substrate is paper. Any existing or future type of paper may be used in the present invention, including, but not limited to, newsprint, coated wood containing paper, super calendared paper, fine paper, paperboard, and ink jet paper.
Where the substrate is paper, the reducing agent may be ~-lmix~(l into the pulp during the process of m~nllf~r.tllring the paper. An amount of re(luc.ing agent is adrnixed with the pulp so that the paper produced contains an amount of reA~lcing agent effective to stabilize a colorant thereon.
Desirably, between approximately 2 to 50% reducing agent by weight is admixed with the pulp. More desirably, between 3 to 30% reducing agent ~ by weight is admixed with the pulp. A desirable amount of refll-cing agent in the final paper product is between 1% and 50% wt/wt. A more desired amount of reducing agent in the paper product is between 2 and 20%. Even more desired is between 3 and 10% of reducing agent in the paper product.
Any method known in the art may be used to admix the reducing agent with CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~

the pulp, and produce the final paper product, wherein the reducing agent m~int~in~ its ability to stabilize a colorant. The above also applies to the m~nu~turing of wood pulp or composite substrates.
~It~rn:~tively, the reducing agent may be applied to a substrate after it has been m~n~lf~tured, or in its final form, by dipping the substrate in a solution of the re~ çing agent, spraying the substrate, coating the subskate, or soaking the substrate with a solution of the reducing agent. Any method known in the art to apply a solution to a substrate and to dry the substrate may be used in the present invention so long as the reducing agent mzlint~in~
its ability to st~bili7e a colorant. An amount of reclucing agent solution is applied to the substrate so that after drying, the substrate contains an amount of reducing agent effective to ~t~hili7~- a colorant thereon or therein.
Desirably, the concentration of the reducing agent solution is between 1% and 50% wt/wt. A more desired concentration is between 3 and 40%. An even more desired concentration is between 5 and 20%. A
desirable amount of re-lncing agent in or on the treated substrate is between 1% and 50% wtlwt. A more desired amount of reducing agent in or on the treated substrate is between 2 and 20%. Even more desired is between 3 and 10% of reducing agent in or on the treated substrate. One method of coating a substrate with a reducing agent is fully described in Fx~mple34, In another embodiment, both the red~lcing agent and the colorant may be present within the substrate. The re-luc.ing agent and the colorant may be admixed with paper pulp, wood pulp, or monomers or oligomers, during the process of m~nuf~cturing paper, wood products, or plastics respectively. Alternatively, one of the above components can be introduced during the m~nllf~rturing process and the second component can be applied after the m~nllf~.tllrin~ process.
In yet another embodiment, the colorant and reducing agent are admixed in one solution and applied to a substrate simlllt~neously. For example, a colorant and an amount of red--cing agent effective to stabilize the colorant can be in an ink jet ink cartridge in an ink jet printer. It is to be understood that any commercially available ink can be admixed with a reducing agent to stabilize the colorant therein. Desirably, the concentration of the reducing agent in ink is between 1 and 50% by weight. A more CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCTnJS96/19169 desired concentration is between 3 and 40%. An even more desired concentration is between 5 and 20%.
Examples 30 and 31 report the fade testing results of Hewlett Packard yellow ink printed on sodium thiosulfate treated paper and untreated paper. More particularly, yellow Hewlett Packard ink was printed on untreated paper and paper that had been dipped in a 10% wt/wt aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution and then dried. The papers were then exposed to an Atlas Weatherometer for a total of 51 hours. Visual and color measurements (~E*) show that the treated paper reduces the fade of the yellow ink. In particular, the AF* values after 24 hours were 28.33 for the untreated paper, and 2.29 for the treated paper. The ~* values after 51 hours were 54.96 for the untreated paper, and 12.08 for the treated paper.
Accordingly, the ~E* values indicate little or no color change of the yellow ink on the treated paper over 51 the hours of exposure. These ~E* values therefore show that the reducing agent is an effective colorant st~hili7~r.
Although the reducing agent alone stabilizes a colorant, it is also desirable that the reducing agent be utilized with one or more of the above stabilizers. Example 29 reports the fade testing results of Hewlett Packard magenta ink ~rlmix~.d with various combinations of stabilizing compounds of the present invention printed on treated and untreated paper. More particularly, three molar equivalents of the triiodophenol sugar produced in 13xample 25, four molar equivalents of the trimethylphenol sugar produced in F~mple 23, and two molar equivalents of sodium iodide were ~lmix~.d with HP magenta ink having already admixed therein 5% by weight ~-hydroxyethyl cyclodextrin. This ~l"~ e is the additive-cont~inin~ ink.
It is to be understood that the molar equivalents of the various stabilizing compounds can be varied.
The magenta additive-cont~ining ink or the commercially available magenta Hewlett Packard ink (control) was printed on untreated paper and paper that had been dipped in a 10% wt/wt aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution and then dried (the treated paper). The papers were then exposed to an Atlas Weatherometer for a total of ~5 hours. Visual and color measurements (I~F~) show that the control ink on untreated paper faded the most, the additive-cont~ining ink on untreated paper faded less, and the additive-cont~ining ink on treated paper barely faded at all, and faded the CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97l20000 PCT/US96/19169 least. In particular, the ~E* values are as follows: 3~.24 for control ink on untreated paper; 20.53 for additive-cont~ining ink on untreated paper; and 11.09 for additive-cont~ining ink on treated paper. Accordingly, the ~\F*
values show that although the additives alone stabilize the magenta colorant, the reducing agent in the paper further st~hili7~s the colorant in the presence of these additives.
Additionally, the substrate itself may be treated with one or more of the above reducing agents, one or more of the above molecular inchld~nts, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the substrate is treated with both a red~lcing agent and a molecular includant. Desirably, the reducing agent is sodium thiosulfate and the molecular includant is ~-cyclodextrin.
It is most desirable to treat a substrate with a reducing agent when the ink to be printed thereon is relatively pure. Although not wanting to be lirnited by the following, it is theorized that if ink cont~ining a relatively s~lbst~nti~l amount of i~ uli~ies is printed on reducing agent-treated paper, the reducing agent will react with the hll~ul;lies thereby decreasing its color stabilizing ~r~ellies.
It has been unexpectedly discovered that the presence of a re~ cing agent in paper decreases the amount of yellowing that occurs on the paper upon exposure to the radiation. F.x~mple 28 reports the testing of treated and untreated paper for redllction of yellowing. More particularly, sheets of paper were dipped in the following: (1) a sodium iodide and sodium thiosulfate solution; (2) a sodium iodide solution; or (3) a sodium thiosl]l~t~
solution, and then dried. The above sheets and control sheets (which untreated) were placed into an Atlas Weatherometer overnight. The results are as follows: the sheets treated with solution (1) turned yellow; the sheets treated with solution (2) turned dark yellow; the sheets treated with solution (3) did not change, and rem~in~d white; and the control sheets turned a very pale yellow.
Example 28 illustrates that one of the colorant stabilizers o~ the present invention, namely, sodium iodide, increases the yellowing of paper.
In contrast, the presence of the redllcing agent, sodium thiosulfate, inhibits the yellowing of paper. Further, the presence of the reducing agent decreases the amount of yellowing resulting from the sodium iodide.

CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 The present invention is further described by the examples which follow. Such examples, however, are not to be construed as limiting in any way either the spirit or scope of the present invention. In the examples, all parts are parts by weight unless stated otherwise.
s Example 1 Preparation of the imine adduct.
To a 500 ml round bottomed flask is added 10.0 g chalcone (Aldrich), 8.~ g 2-amino benzene sulfonic acid tAldrich), 200 ml of absolute ethanol, and 3 drops of dimethylamino ethanol (Aldrich). The reaction mixture is refluxed for one hour after which the solvent is removed to yield a pale yellow crystalline solid. The yield is 16.5 grams (95%).
The reaction is represented as follows:

~l 1 ,S03H
C - CH = CH

EtOH~ ~ Il- CH = CH

~ 03H
Example 2 Preparation of triiodophenolate sodium salt To 25 g of triiodophenol (Aldrich) in a 250 ml round bottomed flask is added 100 ml diethyl ether. 52.5 ml of 1 M sodium hydroxide (Fisher) is then added and the solution is stirred for 1 hour. The mixture is then roto~vapol~ed under reduced pressure to yield an off-brown solid which is used without further purification.

wo 97l20000 PCT/US96/19169 ~,y~nrle 3 Effect of triiodophenolate sodium salt and triiodophenol on degradation of magenta dye.
1.5 equivalents to dye of triiodophenolate sodium salt from Example 2 or 1.5 equivalents of triiodophenol is added to 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink fnrm~ tion (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M). 2% (wt/wt) of ethyl hydroxy ~-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, (:~at. No. HPC 3834A). The sample is then exposed for 10 minutes to a fusion lamp (Fusion UV Curing Systems Corp., Rockville, MD, Model 3:~300 + D-bulb) having a water cooled Pyrex filter. All absorbency measurements in these ~xamples were made on a Perkin-Elmer UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk, CN, Model LAMBDA-14P). The results are shown in the followingtable.
Time (min) ControlTriiodophenolateTriiodophenol 0 0.8 0.87 0.74 0.27 0.77 0.70 Example 4 Effect of sodium iodide on degradation of magenta dye.
10 and 2 equivalents of sodium iodide are added respectively to two aliquots of 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink form~ tion (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M). 2% (wt/wt) of ethyl hydroxy ,B-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No.
HPC 3834A). The sample is then exposed for 10 minutes to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results are shown in the following table.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCTrUS96/19169 Time (min) Control NaI (lOeq.) NaI (2eq.) O 0.8 0.88 0.91 2 0.55 0.88 0.9 4 0.45 0.88 0.85 6 0.37 0.84 0.79 8 0.34 0.81 0.73 0.27 0.77 0.7 Fx~mrle 5 Effect of imine adduct on degradation of magenta dye.
1.5 equivalents of the imine adduct from Example 1 is added to 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M). 2% (wt/wt3 of ethyl hydroxy ~-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC
3834A). The sample is then exposed for 10 minutes to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results are shown in the following table.
Time (min) Absorbency O ~.92 0.84 mple 6 Effect of imine adduct on degradation of cyan dye.
lS 4 equivalents or 1.5 equivalents to dye of the imine adduct from Example 1 is added to S g of standard Hewlett Packard cyan ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 C). 2%
(wt/wt) of ethyl hydroxy ,B-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC 3834A). The samples are then exposed for 10 minutes to a fusion larnp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results are shown in the following table:

W 097/20000 PCT~US96/19169 Time (min) Control Irnine Adduct Imine Adduct (4 eq.) (1.5 eq.) 0 0.83 0.92 0.83 0.06 0.86 0.52 F,Y~mple 7 Preparation of the imine adduct of basic fuschin A solution of 5.0 g basic fuschin (Aldrich) and 3.2 g chalcone (Aldrich) in 300 ml of absolute ethanol with 3 drops of dimethylamino ethanol is refluxed for 1 hour after which the solvent is removed to yield a green crystalline powder. The powder is placed under reduced pressure for 1 hour. The reaction is summarized as follows, wherein the product is referred to as "chalcone fuschin imine":

NH ~ ~ NH~C-~' N ~ c ~ NH2 C
o ~ C-CH=CH

Example 8 Effect of basicfuschin imine adduct on degradation of cyan ink.
As a control, basic fuschin dye (Aldrich) is dissolved in water (10%
wt/wt) and applied to an HP transparency. The imine adduct from Example 7 is dissolved in water (10% wt/wt). 2% (wt/wt~ to dye of the imine adduct from Example 7 is added to 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard cyan CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
wo 97/20000 PCT/US96tl9169 4g ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP
51640 C). 2% (wtlwt) of ethyl hydroxy ~-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC 3834A). The sample is then exposed for 10 minllt~.s to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results are shown in the following table.
Time (min) ControlBasic Fuschin Adduct o 0.99 0.80 0.38 0.78 ~ mrle 9 Effect of iodide salts on degradation of magenta dye.
10 molar equivalents of sodium iodide, potassium iodide or tetramethylammonium iodide ((CH3)4NI) to dye are added to 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink forrn~ tion (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M). 2% (wtlwt) of ethyl hydroxy ,B-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC 3834A).
The samples is exposed for 10 minutes to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results are shown in the following ta~le.
Time Control NaI KI (CH3)4NI
(min) (10 eq.)(10 eq.)(10 eq.) 0 0.80 0.96 0.73 0.80 0.27 0.79 0.47 0.68 ~ mrle 10 Effect of imine adduct on degradation of magenta dye under a xenon lamp.
2 molar equivalents of the imine from Example 1 to dye is added to 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M). 2% ~wtlwt) of ethyl hydroxy ,B-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC
3834A). The sample is then exposed for 4.5 hours to a xenon lamp CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 (Universal Systems, Inc., Azuza, CA, 1000 Watt Short-Arc Lamp, Model LPS-255~IR,). The results are shown in the following table.
Time (hrs) Control Irnine Adduct O O.gl 0.91 4.5 0.33 0.83 Example 11 Effect of the combination of triiodophenol and tetramethylammonium iodide on degradahon of magenta dye under a fusion lamp.
2 molar equivalents of triiodophenol (Aldrich) to dye and 0.5 equivalents of (CH3)4NI are added to 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No.
HP 51640 M). 2% (wt/wt) of ethyl hydroxy ~-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC 3834A). The samples are exposed for 10 minlltes to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The absorbency of the transparency at zero time is 0.95 and after 10 minlltt~s of exposure to the fusion lamp, the absorbency is 0.86 showing good st~hili7.ing activity.

~,x~mrle 12 E~ect of triiodophenol on degradation of magenta dye Imder a fusion lamp.
2 molar equivalents of triiodophenol (Aldrich) to dye is admixed with 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M). 2% (wt/wt) of ethyl hydroxy ~-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency ~Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No.
HPC 3834A). The samples are exposed for 10, 20 and 30 minutes to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results of the test are shown in the following table:

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

Time (min)Absorbency 0 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.83 F,~mr}e 13 EJ~fect of the combination of the imine adduct of basic fuschin and sodium iodide on degradation of magenta dye under a fusion lamp.
5% wt/wt of the imine adduct of basic fuschin from Example 7 and l.S equivalents of sodium iodide are admixed with S g of standard Hewlett Packard magenta ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo ~lto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M). 2% (wt/wt) of ethyl hydroxy ,~-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC 3834A). The sample is exposed for zero and 10 minutes to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results of the test are shown in the following table:
Time (min) Absorbency 0 0.83 30 0.83 ~mrle 14 Effect of the combination of the Iriiodophenol and tetramethylammonium iodide on degradation of cyan dye under a fusion lamp.
2 equivalents of triiodophenol (Aldrich) and 0.75 equivalents of (CH3)4NI are added to 5 g of standard Hewlett Packard cyan ink jet ink formulation (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 C). 2%
(wt/wt) of ethyl hydroxy ,B-cyclodextrin is added to the ink samples. The sample is drawn down on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC 3834A). The samples is exposed for 10 minutes to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results of the test are shown in the following table:
Time (min) Absorbency 0 0.83 30 1 0.83 ~,xamrle 15 Effect of stabilizers on the viscosity ink A 1/16 inch hole is drilled in a Hewlett-Packard magenta ink S cartridge and a syringe is used to remove the ink. 2 equivalents of triiodophenol and 2 % wt/wt of ethyl hydroxy ~-cyclodextrin are added to the ink sample and thoroughly mixed. The admixture is then put back into the cartridge using the syringe. An HP 1200C printer is used and 20 to 30 sheets are printed to get the cartridge to print fully. The viscosity is compared to control (untreated) ink by placing it in a burette and me~ ring volume poured from the cartridge in 10 seconds. Each value is the result of two pourings. The following table shows that the treated ink had approxilr ately the same viscosity as the control ink.
R~ Control Additive 6.4g 6.3g 2 5.4g 5.3 g 3 6.0g 6.4g l~ mI le 16 Fade test on ink from Example 15 The cartridge prepared in Example 15 is used to print on a transparency (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Cat. No. HPC 3834A) so that a square inch of ink gives an absorbency reading of between 0.85 and 0.95. The square is then cut out and exposed to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results of the test are shown in the following table:
Tirne Treated (AbsorbencyControl (Absorbency) 0 0.97 0.88 0.97 0.83 0.96 0.59 0.83 0.42 CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 ~mrle 17 Effect of triiodophenol and ~etr~methylammonium iodide on ink.
A hole is drilled in a Hewlett-Packard magenta ink cartridge ~Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Part No. HP 51640 M) and a syringe is S used to remove the ink. 2 equivalents of triiodophenol and 0.5 equivalents of (CH3)4NI and 2% wt/wt of ethyl hydroxy ~-cyclodextrin is added to the ink sample and thoroughly rnixed. The admixture is then put back into the cartridge using the syringe. The loaded cartridge is then placed in a ~P
1200C printer and 20 pages are printed to stabilize the cartridge. Squares are then printed on transparencies according to Example 16. The squares are then cut out and exposed to a fusion lamp having a water cooled Pyrex filter. The results of the test are shown in the following ta ~le:
Tirne Treated Control (min)(Absorbency(Absorbency) ~ 0-90 0.88 0.85 0.59 0.80 0.42 No leakage or printing problems are observed and the cartridge is used to print 205 pages with no problems.

~Y~n~ple 18 Cartridges are prepared according to Example 15 and printed on transparencies according to Example 16. The squares are exposed to xenon lamp radiation with a Pyrex/water filter. The UV absorption is determined at the indicated times. The results of the test are shown in the following table:
Time Treated Control (Absorbency(Absorbency) 0 hrs 1.13 0.93 23 hrs 1.06 0.61 44 hrs 1.03 0.42 ~ mrle 19 Examples of compounds that did not significantly stabilize dyes r Using protocols similar to those ~ .s~.ribed in the previous examples, the following compounds were tested for their ability to stabilize the dyes in ink jet inks: 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid, sodium salt, ~-carotene, 3,4-didehydroretinol (Vitamin A), ascorbic acid, 4-iodobenzoic acid, selenium EDTA complex and l~[NW~ 936 (Ciba-Geigy Corporation). None of these representative compounds ~i~nific~ntly stabilized any of the dyes tested.

~ nrle 20 Representative combinations of colorant stabilizers The following table represents various combinations of the desired colorant stabilizers that can be used to stabilize dyes. The particular combination that will be used will depend upon the ~mal formulation of dye solution. The following table is not meant to be a comprehensive representation of all possible combinations but is only meant to show several possible combinations.
NaI = sodium iodide (NI) (CH3)4NI = tetramethylammonium iodide (TI) CD = cyclodextrin (CD) NJ~ '~lH2+ cr <~C--CHeCH~>
basic fuschin irnine adduct (BFI) H ~ H--C
= sulfonic acid imine adduct (ASI) wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 l~OH

= triiodophenol (TIP) (I ~ O- C~ -CH~ CD

triiodophenol covalently bound to ethylhydroxy 13-cyclodextrin. n=3 (TIP-CD) HO3S ) ~

(~C H=C H~ ~C--O--CH2--CH2~CD

sulfonic acid imine adduct covalently bound to ethylhydroxy ~-cyclodextrin.
n=3 (ASI-CD) ,~SO3H
~
amino sul~onic acid (ASA) NI (CH3)4 BFI B~I+ BFI + BFI + BFI+
NI CD TI TI + CD NI
TIP TIP-CD TIP + TIP TIP + TIP + BFI +
NI +NI TI TI + CD NI ~CD
+CD
ASA ASA + ASA + ASIASI + ASI + ASI +
TI TI +CD TI CD CD +
TI
NaI + TI TI + CD ASI-CD ASI-CD ASI-CD
CD +TI +NI
TIP + TIP-CD TIP-CD TIP-CD
CD +NI + TI
ASA +ASA + ASA +
CDNI NI +CD

~ mrle 21 Preparation of Tosyl Sugar To a 500 ml round bottom flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer and condenser is placed 75 g of 1,2-o-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose (Aldrich) and 200 ml of anhydrous pyridine (Aldrich). The flask is cooled in an icebath and then 64.8 g of p-toluene sulfonyl chloride (Aldrich) is added. The mixture is stored overnight and allowed to warm to room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure, the oil redissolved in ether and washed with saturated copper sulfate solution, dried with MgSO4, and the solvent removed to yield a light yellow viscous oil. The yield is 108.1 g (85%). The reaction is s~-mm~ri7~ as follows:

~0~ ~
~H3 CH3~_OCH2CH~O
o The resulting reaction product has the following reaction par~mt~ter~
lH NMR [DMSO-d6] 7.5-8.8 (m, Tosyl-Aromatic Hs), 1.2-1.6 (m, sugar's ketal CH3s) s E~ample 22 Preparation of Trimethylphenol Sugar To a 500 ml three-necked flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, condenser and gas-inlet tube being continuously flushed with argon, 20.0 g of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (Aldrich) and 150 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran ("THF") is placed into the flask. 4.2 g of sodium hydride is slowly added over 30 minutes and the gas evolution allowed to subside. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes after which 55.1 g of the tosyl sugar prepared in Example 21 is added in 50 ml of THF. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight and then refluxed for 60 minutes. The reaction rnixture is then filtered and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to yield a brown oil The oil is then dissolved in 200 ml of ether and 100 ml of 2N
sodium hydroxide solution and the mixture stirred for one hour. The organic layer is then s~aldt~d, dried with MgSO4, and the solvent removed to yield a pale yellow oil. The yield is 32.1 g (62%). The reaction is ~"1~" ,~l ;7.o.d as follows:

CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 5g CH3J~cH3 CH3~CH3 ONa CH3~0 OH~o H3 ~"

~[~I CH3 CH3 ~ OH o H
~CH2--CH~H ~~
<CH3 The resulting reaction product, (3aR, 6S, 6a~-Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-oc-[(mesityloxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]- 1,3-dioxole-S-m(~.th~nol, had the following physical p~rAmPters:
lH NMR [DMSO-d6] key peaks: 7.3-6.8 (m~, 4.8-3.7 (m), 2.2-2.5 (m), 1.5-1.7 (m) ppm.
Mass Spectrum: m/e: 338, 323, 281, 263, 265, 208, 203, 178, 149, 136, 121, 91, 73, 69.

~Y~mrle 23 Removal of Ketal Group To a three necked flask fitted with a gas inlet and outlet and m~gnetic stirrer, is placed 20.0 g of the trimethylphenol sugar produced in Example 22 and 200 rnl of anhydrous THF. Dry HCl gas (Matheson) is bubbled into lS the solution until the reaction mixture has a pH of 5-3 on moist Universal Indicator paper. The reaction was stirred at room t~lllpeLat~lre for one hour CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 5g and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to yield a light brown oil The oil was found to be highly water soluble. The reaction is ~ n~ i7e(1 as follows:

CH3~CH~_CH$~ ~<CH3 THF
3 CH3 '~

Ctl3~o~2_CH~OH

S The resulting reaction product, (2S, 3R, 4~)-Tetrahydro-5-~1-hydroxy-2-(mesityloxy)ethyl]-2,3,4-furantriol, had the following physical p~l~ Ir.~r,l ~
lH NMR [DMSO- d6] showed loss of ketal CH3 groups at 1.5 to 1.7 ppm.
F,x~m~le 24 Preparation of Triiodophenol Sugar Into a ~ree-necked round bottom flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, gas inlet, and condenser, is placed 20 g 2,4,6-triiodophenol and 200 ml of dry THF. The flask is cooled in an ice bath and 1.2 g of sodium hydride added slowly over 30 minutes The mixture is then stirred for 30 rninutes and then 15.6 g of tosyl sugar from Example 21 added in 50 ml of T~;.
The reaction is then heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture is then filtered and the solvent removed to yield a dark brown oil. The oil is then stirred in 200 ml of diethyl ether and 200 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide. The organic layer is then separated, dried with MgSO4, and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to yield a pale yellow oil. The yield is 21.3 g (76%). The reaction is sllmm~n7ed as follows:

WO 97/20000 PCT/US96l19169 ,J~ + NaH ~ ,,[~

ONa CH3~i--ocH2cH$~o J~c~2 CH O
1H~O~<CH3 The resulting reaction product, (3aR, 6S, 6aR)-Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-a- [(2,4,6-triiodophenoxy)methyl~furo [2,3 -~1 - 1,3-dioxole-5-methanol, has the following physical parameters:
Mass Spectrum: rn/e: 529, 460, 431, 402, 358, 289, 275, 231, 145, 129, 73.

~mrle 25 Removal of Ketal Group To a 250 ml three necked round bottom flask fitted with gas inlet and outlet is placed 10.0 g of triiodophenol sugar produced in Example 24 and 150 ml of anhydrous THF. Dry HCl gas is bubbled into the reaction mixture un~il the solution has a pH of 3-5 on moist Universal Indicator paper (Fisher). The reaction mixture is then evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 8.8 g (96%) of a pale yellow oil. The reaction is sl7mm~n7t -1 as follows:
OH H
- ~$OCH~--CH~CH3 THF

_~0 CH2--C H ~OH
OH
The resulting reaction product, (2S, 3B, 4R)-Tetrahydro-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(2,4,6-triiodophenoxy)ethyl]-2,3,4-furantriol, has the following physical properties:
Mass Spectrum: m/e: 529, 460, 347, 231, 145, 129, 73 F,~mrle 26 0 Fade Testing of Hewlett Packard Magenta Ink with Additives Prepared in the Examples Above on Neenah Bond Paper Three Hewlett Packard HP51640M Magenta ink cartridges (Palo Alto, California) are drilled with a 1/8 inch drill and the ink removed via syringe into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask. 4.8 g (2% wt/wt) ~-hydroxyethyl cyclodextrin (American Maize) is added to the 96.7 g ink and the rnixture shaken for 10 rninutes to dissolve and disperse the cyclodextrin. Then 8.7 g trimethylphenol sugar (3 molar equivalents, or "eq") produced in Fx~mple 23, 19.3 g of triiodophenol sugar (4 eq) produced in Example 25, and 5.6 g of NaI (2 eq), are added to the mixture and shaken and sonicated for 20 minutes. The resultant mixture is then divided evenly into three aliquots, and one aliquot each of the resultant rnixture is reintroduced into each of the drilled ink cartridges via syringe and filtered ~imlllt~n~ously through a 0.45 ~ filter. The cartridges are then placed into a Hewlett Packard 1600C

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

printer and test sheets are printed out on Neenah Bond, Kimberly Clark Corporation. Sheets number 30-32 are generated and subjected to fade studies against control sheets as described above, except that the sheets are exposed to an Atlas ~lectric Devices Co. (Chicago, Illinois) Weath~ lel~
Model No. C135W, radiance at 0.53 watts/m2 at 340 nm, wherein the black panel is at 32~C, borosilicate filters, and the hllmi~ity is 50%. Absorbency is measured after 0 and 66 hours of exposure of the control and experimental samples generated above. Absorbency is measured with a Perkin Elmer UV/Visible Spectrophotometer ~14B.
The results of the fade studies are shown in the tables below. The table below reports the fade study absorbancy results for the control sheet samples at 0 and 66 hours.
C ONTROL SHEETS
Absorbancy at 0 and 66 hours Sample No. To T66 1.2 0.00 2 1 .2 0. 10 3 1.2 0.15 4 1.2 0.14 1.2 0.13 6 1.18 0.15 The table below reports the fade study absorbancy results for the experimental sheet samples generated as described above at 0 and 66 hours.
~XPFRTMF~TAL SHEETS
AbsullJall.;y at 0 and 66 hours Sample No. To T66 1.07 0.90 2 1. 10 0.85 3 1.10 0.80 4 1.05 0.85 1 . 10 0.85 CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

F,~mrle 27 Fade Testing of Hewlett Packard Magenta Ink on Transparency Sheets The procedure of 13xample 26 is repea~ed except that the control and experimental inks are printed on Hewlett Packard Premium Transparency S HPC 3834A sheets instead of on Neenah 13ond paper. The control sheet absorbancy values after 66 hours are 0.09 for sample 1, and 0.02 for sample 2. The experimental absorbancy value after 66 hours is 0.79 for sample 1.

~ml-le 28 Testing of Treated PaperforReduction of Yellowing.
The yellowing of paper is tested by dipping the paper in a solution as described below, drying the paper, and then exposing the paper in a weatherometer for 12 hours. More particularly, the paper is placed in a container to soak in the solution, hung on a line in a fumehood to drip dry, and then oven dried as described below.

Solution A Sodium Iodide + Sodium Thiosulfate A 6.7% wt/wt sodium iodide and 10% wt/wt sodium thiosulfate solution in water is prepared. Strips of Neenah bond paper are dipped into the solution and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60~C for 15 mtm1tes The paper is then placed into an Atlas Weatherometer and exposed to the following conditions for twelve hours: 0.53 W/m2, 50% humidity, 32~C.

Solution B Sodium Iodide A 6.7 % wt/wt solution of sodium iodide is prepared and Neenah bond paper strips are dipped therein, dried, and exposed in a weatherometer as described above.

Solution C Sodium Thiosulfate ~ A 10% wt/wt solution of sodium thiosulfate is prepared and Neenah bond paper strips are dipped therein, dried, and exposed in a weatherometer as described above.

Control CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 Strips of Neenah bond paper were cut and exposed in a weatherometer as described above.
The results of exposing the treated and control strips of paper are as follows: The paper treated with solution A turned yellow. The paper treated with solution B turned dark yellow. The paper treated with solution C did not change, and remained white. The control samples turned very pale yellow. Accordingly, treating paper with sodium thiosulfate reduces the amount of yellowing that occurs over time.

F,~mple 29 Fade Testing of Hewlett Packard Inks Printed on Sodium Thiosulfate Treated Paper This example determines if sodium thiosulfate treated paper enhances the resistance to fade of ~ewlett Packard Ink admixed with the colorant stabilizers of the present invention.
Several sheets of Hewlett Packard premium ink jet paper are soaked in a 10% wt/wt aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60~C for 15 minlltes at 0.1 mm Hg. These sheets are referred to as the "treated paper".
The Hewlett Packard ink cartridge (magenta ink) is prepared as described above, by drilling a hole in the cartridge, removing the ink via a syringe, and placing the ink in an Erlenmeyer flask. 5% wt/wt of hydroxyethyl~ cyclodextrin is put into the flask, and the mixture shaken for 10 minllteS. ArL~lw~ds~ 3 equivalents of triiodophenol sugar produced in Fx~mple 25, 4 equivalents of trimethylphenol sugar produced in F.Y~mrle 23, and 2 equivalents of sodium iodide are added to the mixture and shaken for 20 minutes. It is to be lln(lerstood that "equivalents" above are molar equivalents to the dye in the ink. The Ink mixture is then reinjected into the ink jet cartridge via syringe with 0.45 ~ filter attachment. This cartridge is referred to as the additive cont~ining cartridge.
Test sheets are printed using control cartridges (other Hewlett Packard ink jet cartridges, in~ ing magenta, yellow, and cyan, without the above additives) and the additive cont~ining cartridge on treated and untreated paper. More particularly, treated and untreated sheets are printed with Hewlett Packard magenta, yellow, and cyan ink cartridges that do not CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 contain additives. Additionally, treated and untreated sheets are printed with ~ewlett Packard yellow and cyan ink cartridges that do no contain additives and with the additive cont~ining cartridge that contains magenta ink. The paper is then placed in the Atlas Weatherometer and exposed for 15 hours to the following conditions: 0.53 W/m2 at 34û nm, 50% humidity, borosilicate filters, and 32~C.
The change in color is measured by the Xrite Colorimeter (Model 938, SpectroDensitometer, Grandville, Michig~n) which measures the AF*
values, based on the L, a*, b* as described by Cielab, D-50-2.
Visual and actual measurements show the control magenta ink on untreated paper faded the most, the additive-cont~ining magenta ink on untreated paper faded less, and the additive-cont~ining magenta ink on treated paper barely faded at all, and faded the least. More particularly, the ~E* values are as follows:
~5 Paper Magenta~k AF* Values Untreated Control 34.24 Untreated Additives 20.53 Treated Additives 11.09 Percentage wise, additive containing ink is 40% better in fade resistance than control ink (both on untreated paper), and additive containing ink on treated paper is 68% better in fade resistance than control ink on untreated paper, after 15 hours exposure.
F.x~min~tion of the % Reflect~n~e graphs of the samples before and after fading shows that the magenta dye does not fade or its concentration change when the additive is present in the ink and it is printed on the treated paper. However, the control clearly shows loss of the dye chromophore.
In contrast, the additive system in the ink protects the loss of dye, however the ~E* values show that the additive system yellows somewhat upon exposure to light, hence yielding the ~E* value. The treated paper therefore decreases this yellowing of the additive thus giving the smallest ~E* (color change) after 15 hours of exposure.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W 097/20000 PCT~US96/19169 F,~mrle 30 Fade Testing of Yellow Hewlett Packard Inks Printed on Sodium Thiosulfate Treated Paperand Untreated Paper This example determines if sodium thiosulfate treated paper çnh~nres the re~i.st~n~e to fade of yellow Hewlett Packard Ink.
The papers exposed to the Atlas Weatherometer in Fx~mple 29 also had yellow and cyan squares printed thereon in boxes next to the magenta sguares. Although some of the magenta squares contained the stabilizing additives, all of the yellow and cyan squares did not contain the additives.
Accordingly, yellow Hewlett Packard Ink is printed on both treated and untreated Hewlett Packard premium ink jet paper and then exposed to the Atlas Weatherometer under the conditions listed in Example 29. It is to be understood that the treated paper is soaked in a 10% wt/wt solution of sodium thiosulfate and dried in a vacuum oven under the conditions listed in Example 29.
The yellow ink on the weatherometer-exposed treated paper has little or no fading in comparison with the yellow ink on the unexposed treated paper. However, the yellow ink on the weatherometer-exposed untreated paper is substantially faded in comparison with the yellow ink on the unexposed untreated paper. Accordingly, the treated paper reduces the fade of the yellow ink in comparison to the untreated paper.

~mrle 31 Fade Testing of Yellow Hewlett Packard Inks Printed on Sodium 17zios~1f~7fe Treated Paper and Untreated Paper This example determines if sodium thiosulfate treated paper enh~n~es the re~i~t~n~ e to fade of yellow Hewlett Packard Ink.
Additional ink samples were printed of Hewlett Packard inks, including yellow ink, on treated and untreated paper using the method descrihed in Example 29. The samples were placed in the Atlas Weatherometer under the conditions listed in Fx~mple 29, except that the samples were exposed for a total of 51 hours.
Visual and color measurements (/\F*) show that the treated paper reduces the fade of the yellow ink. More particularly, the /~F* values for the yellow ink are as follows:

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

lalues for ~E~ Values for Hours of Exposure Untreated Paper Treated Paper 24 28.33 2.29 51 54.96 12.08 The ~E* values indicate little or no color change of the yellow ink on the treated paper over 5 ~ hours.

F,~ml)le 32 0 Fade Testing of Cyan Hewlett Packard Inks Printed on ~odium Thiosulfate Treated Paper and Untrea~ed Paper Samples were printed of Hewlett Packard inks, including cyan ink, on treated and untreated paper using the method described in Fx~mple 29.
It is to be understood that none of the cyan inks contained the stabilizing additives listed in Example 29. The samples were placed in the Atlas Weatherometer under the conditions listed in Bxample 29, except that the samples were exposed for a total of 51 hours.
The treated paper had little or no effect on the ~ade of the Hewlett Packard cyan ink in comparison to the untreated paper. At 24 hours and 51 hours of total exposure to the Weatherometer, the cyan ink faded to a similar extent on the treated and untreated paper.

~ mrle 33 Fade Testing Of In~s Printed On Treated Paper Fade testing of a magenta ~mf ri~n Ink Jet ink jet form~ tion for a Canon printer is conducted as follows. The magenta ink is printed on cyclodextrin treated paper and sodium thiosulfate treated paper, and then exposed for 100 hours in an Atlas Weatherometer.
More particularly, approximately 10 ml of ink is removed from a small cartridge for a Canon BJC printer by use of a syringe with needle, via the wick plug. The following stabilizing additives are admixed with the magenta ink: 5% wt/wt of basic fuschin imine adduct prepared in Example ~ 7; 0.25 eq tetramethylammonium iodide; and 2% wt/wt hydroxyethyl-~-cyclodextrin. The ink ~(l,,,iX~ is placed back into the cartridge via syringe with a 0.45 ,u filter. The first 15 to 20 sheets printed are discarded to ensure CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCTrUS96/19169 that the ink admixture is being printed on the paper to be exposed to the Atlas Weh~helo~ el.

Sodium Thiosulfate Treated Paper S The sodium thiosulfate treated paper is prepared as follows. A stock solution of 15g sodium thiosulfate is placed in a beaker of l50g of water and dissolved. The solution is placed in a Pyrex oven dish and sheets of Hewlett Packard Premium ink jet paper are placed therein, one sheet at a time. After the sheet has soaked in the sodium thiosulfate solution for 3 to 4 minutes, the sheets are removed and placed in a vacuum oven which is heated to 30-32~C and the vacuum of 0.1 torr applied for 15 to 20 min~te producing dried sheets of paper.
By weighing a sheet before submersion in the sodium thiosulfate solution, and after the drying step, the amount of sodium thiosulfate present on or in the paper is calculated to be approximately 12% wt/wt.

Cyclodextrin Treated Paper The cyclodextrin treated paper is prepared as follows. A 10% wt/wt solution of hydroxyethyl-~-cyclodextrin is prepared, and sheets of Hewlett Packard ~lt;llliUlll ink jet paper are treated as described above. By weighing a sheet before sllb~ercion in the cyclodextrin solution, and after the drying step, the amount of cyclodextrin present on or in the paper is calculated as approximately 3.4%.
A series of sheets are printed on the Canon BJC printer using the ink ~ ixlllle prepared above or the commercially available ink for the printer as the control. Untreated sheets are printed (control), as well as sodium thiosulfate treated sheets and cyclodextrin treated sheets. The sheets are then exposed to light radiation for 100 hours in an Atlas Weatherometer having the following conditions: 0.54 W/m2 at 440nm irradiance; black panel ~elll~eld~ul~ of 45~~; borosilicate filters; and hllmi(lity of 55%. The color change rea~ling~ (AF*~ are measured using the X-rite meter. The results are reported below.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

Sample ~E* ~H*
Control ink on untreated paper 47.6-3. l Ink admi~tul~ on untreated paper 15.715.3 Ink ~ ix~ oncyclodextrinpaper 5.9 0.6 Ink ~.l",i~ll.. t; on thiosulfate paper 9.3 2.8 As can be seen above, the stabilizing molecules in the ink ~lmixtllre improve the light fastness and give a slight shift in hue of the colorant therein upon exposure to radiation. However, the above data clearly shows that the stabilizing molecules in the ink, in combination with the ink being printed on the treated paper, ~ignific~ntly improves the colorants resistance to fade upon exposure to radiation. The cyclodextrin treated paper gave the colorant the greatest improvement in light fastness, with the sodium thiosulfate treated paper giving the colorant the second best improvement in light fastness.

~ mI)le 34 Preparation of TreatedPaper This examples describes one method of treating paper with either cyclodextrin or sodium thi~sulfate.. Hewlett-Packard ~ l~iulll ink jet paper is coated and dried to obtain flat treated paper for ink jet fade studies described in Examples 35 and 36.
More particularly, the paper is coated as follows. The paper is rolled between two rollers that are positioned on top of each other, wherein the bottom portion of the bottom roller is submersed in a solution of either cyclodextrin or sodium thiosulfate, and wherein a controlled amount oi the same solution is continually dripped onto the top portion of the top roller. It is to be understood that as the paper rolls between the rollers, the paper is coated on its top surface by contact with the lower portion of the top roller which contains the solution thereon, and the solution continues to be applied ~ to the top portion of the top roller as it rolls via contact with the paper.
Additionally, as the paper rolls between the rollers, the paper is coated on its~ bottom surface by contact with the top portion of the bottom roller which contains the solution thereon, and the solution continues to be applied to the CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

lower portion of the bottom roller (which is submersed in the solution) as it rolls via contact with the paper.
After the paper passes through the rollers as described above, it is rolled onto a steel, steam heated drum with a fabric flap to prevent the paper from curling as it is dried thereon.
The y-cyclodextrin treated paper is prepared as follows. The HP
premium paper is weighed prior to treatment. A 50% by weight aqueous solution of ~-cyclodextrin is prepared and applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the HP premium paper as described above. After the treated paper is dried, the paper is again weighed to yield a 7% wt/wt cyclodextrin content in or on the paper.
The sodium thiosulfate treated paper is prepared as follows. The HP premium paper is weighed prior to treatment. A 20% by weight aqueous solution of sodium thiosul~ate is prepared and applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the paper as descAbed above. After the treated paper is dried, the paper is again weighed to yield a 2% wt/wt sodium thiosulfate content on or in the paper.
These treated papers are used in the fade testing studies reported in Examples 35 and 36.
~Y~mrle 35 Fade Testing of Various Magenta Inks on Treated Paper This example reports the results of fade testing of Hewlett-Packard (HP), American Ink Jet (AI~), and Canon magenta ink iet inks, either with or without the stabilizing additives of the present invention, on treated or untreated Hewlett-Packard PlCllliUlll paper.
The inks having the stabilizing additives of the present invention are prepared as described in the above ex~mples, wherein the ink is removed from the a~l.~liate cartridge, mixed with the additives, shaken and then sonicated for 20 mimltes, then injected into the original cartridge via syringe fitted with a 0.45,u filter. The resultant ink contains the following additives:5% wtlwt of the basic fuschin imine adduct prepared in Example 7; 0.25 eq of tetramethylammonium iodide; and 2% wt/wt hydroxyethyl ,B-cyclodextrin.

CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCTrUS96/19169 The magenta inks are printed onto HP pl~;llliUlll paper and the treated paper prepared in Example 34. The Hewlett-Packard inks and the Amer~c~n Ink Jet inks are printed using a Hewlett-Packard 1600C printer and the Canon inks are printed using a BJC-600 printer.
The sheets were then placed in the Atlas Weatherometer and exposed for a total of 77 hours under the following conditions: 0.54 W/m2 at 440nm, borosilicate filters, 55% humidity, and 45~C black panel te~ eld~ul~.
The change in color of the magenta ink is measured by the Xrite Colorimeter (Model 938, SpectroDensitometer, Grandville, Michigan) which measures the ~* values, based on the L, a*, b* as described by Cielab, D-50-2. The results are reported in the table below.

Samples /~1~* V lues 24 Hrs. 45 Hrs. 63 Hrs. 77 Hrs.
HPInkonHPPaper 12.5 24.6 41.1 64.0 HPl~konCDTreatedPaper 9.1 13.3 20.0 31.5 HP Ink + Additives on HP Paper5.3 9.9 17.1 25.0 HP Ink + Additives on CD Paper7.4 9.9 12.3 14.7 AIJ Ink on HP Paper 6.3 12.1 22.0 37.0 AIJ Ink on CD Treated Paper 2.7 4.3 8.0 13.7 AIJ Ink + Additives on CD Paper 1.2 1.6 1.7 3.5 Canon Ink on HP Paper 5.6 6.0 7.0 9.0 Canon Ink + Additives on 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 Thiosulfate Treated Paper As shown above, the additives reduce fade, and when the ink cont~ining the additives is printed on treated paper, the amount of fade is even further reduced.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 F,x~rnple 36 Fa~e Testing of Various Magenta Inks on Treated Paper This example reports the results of fade testing of Hewlett-Packard (HP), American Ink Jet (AIJ), and Canon magenta ink jet inl~s, either with or without the stabilizing additives of the present invention, on treated or untreated paper. More particularly, the paper is untreated Hewlett-Packard Premium paper, Kimberly-Clark Bright White ink jet paper, or Hewlett-Packard Pl~llliulll paper treated as described in Example 34. Three types of treated paper are prepared using one of the following three aqueous solutions: 50% wt/wt ~-cyclodextrin; 20% wt/wt sodium thiosulfate; or 20% wt/wt ~-cyclodextrin and 10% wtlwt sodium thinslllf~
As stated above in Example 34, the 50% cyclodextrin treated paper has a 7% wt/wt cyclodextrin content in or on the paper, and the 20%
sodium thiosulfate treated paper has a 2% wt/wt sodium thiosulfate content in or on the paper. The paper treated with the 20% wt/wt ~-cyclodextrin and 10% wt/wt sodium thiosulfate solution is weighed before and after tre~tmPnt, to yield a 4 to 5% wt/wt total content of cyclodextrin and sodium thiosulfate in or on the paper.
The treated and untreated paper is printed with the additive containing inks prepared in Example 35 or with the corresponding non-additive cont~inin~ inks. The HP and AIJ inks were printed from HP 1600 cartridges using an HP 1600C printer. The Canon ink was printed with a BJC-600 printer.
The sheets were then placed in the Atlas Weatherometer and exposed for a total of 77 hours under the following conditions: 0.54 W/m2 at 440nm, 55% hllmitlity, 45~C black panel te~ el~ul~, bor )~ilic~t-~. filters.
The change in magenta color is measured by the Xrite Colorimeter (Model 938, SpectroDen~itom~ter, Grandville, Michigan) which measures the ~E* values, based on the L, a*, b* as described by Cielab, D-50-2.
The results are reported in the table below.
HP Inks With Additives Values at 77 Hours Paper ~* ~H*
Hewlett-Packard Paper 25.0 13.3 50% Cyclodextrin 14.7 9.0 20% Cyclodextrin/10% Thiosulfate 15.7 8.0 WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/1916g 20% Thiosulfate 2Q.412.2 Kimberly-Clark Bright White16.0 --HP Inks (No Additives) Paper ~E* ~H*
Hewlett-Packard Paper 64.011.3 50% Cyclodextrin 31.510.5 20% Cyclodextrin/10% Thiosulfate 21.0 10.3 20% Thiosulfate 27.213.6 Kimberly-Clark Bright White32.5 10.8 AIJ Inks With Additives Paper AF* H*
Hewlett-PackardPaper 11.80.12 50% Cyclodextrin 3.5 0.1 20% CyclodextrinllO% Thiosulfate 10.0 1.9 20% Thiosulfate 11.4 1.5 Kimberly-ClarkBrightWhite 8.0 2.0 AIJ Inks (No Additives) Paper AF* ~H*
Hewlett-Packard Paper 37.0-3.11 50% Cyclodextrin 13.7 -3.7 20% CD/10% Thiosulfate21.216.6 20% Thiosulfate 5.6 4.0 Kimberly-Clark Bright White13.8 -0.47 Canon Inks With Additives Paper ~E* ~H*
Hewlett-Packard Paper 8.2 2.7 - 50% Cyclodextrin 4.3 3.2 20% Cyclodextrin/10% Thiosulfate 2.4 1.3 20% Thiosulfate 2.40.01 CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 Kimberly-C~lark Bright White ¦ 7.0 Canon Inks (No Additives) Paper ~E* ~H*
HP Paper 9.0 2.0 20% Thiosulfate 2.4 0.1 ~x~mrle 37 Preparation of Heat Sealable Media Products Containing Colorant Stabilizer Additives This example describes the preparation of heat sealable media products cont~ining colorant stabilizing additives of the present invention.
In this ex?mple, the colorant stabilizing additive is a molecular includant, such as hydro~y~ro~yl ~-cyclodextrin. Heat sealable media products provide many uses. For example, such a media product can be constructed of a substrate layer such as paper, coated with at least one polymer cont~ining the colorant stabilizing additive of the present invention. These media products can be used as an ~lt~ tive to l~min~ting products, in order to provide a lightf~t and waterfast media product.
Additionally, such media products can be heat transfer products as described for example in U.S. Patent No. 4,863,781, U.S. Patent No.
5,242,739 and U.S. Patent No. 5,501,902, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Generally, heat transfer products comprise a substrate layer, such as paper, coated with at least one polymer which releases a printable material upon the application of pressure and heat. Such heat transfer products are commonly used for melt printing designs on articles of clothing, for example. Additionally, heat transfer papers have been developed specifically for transferring graphics printed with an ink jet printer.
The thermoplastic polymers coating one or both sides of the substrate layer are typically selected from polyolefins, polyesters, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers or nylons. Additional components include humectants, ink viscosity modifiers, weak acids, surfactants, and binders, for example.

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~

The present invention provides that from about 2% to 20% wt/wt ~ molecular includant may be added to the coating polymer as a colorant stabilizing additive. The example below describes the production of two such media product coatings. The following ingredients were combined to make coating Formula A:
1) 217 parts water 2) 35 parts styrene maleic anhydride 3) 4.4 parts 28% solution ~mmoni~ in water 4) 88 parts 25% solution ethylene acrylic acid (available as MICAM PRIME from Mich~Plm~n Inc.~
5) 88 parts nylon copolymer 6/12, (available as ORGOSOL ~rom Elf ,~t~3r.h~-m) having the formula 6) 88 parts polyvinyl alcohol 7) 38 parts 30% solution hydroxypropyl 13-CD
~5 All ingredients were combined in a beaker, and blended with a mechanical stirrer into a smooth white paste. The paste was then milled for further consistency.
Suitable variations of the above formula will be apparent to those skilled in the art through routine experimentation. For example, in one alternative form~ tion, coating Formula B, elements 1-6 were combined in the same proportions, however, 456 parts 30% solution hydro~y~lu~yl ~-CD was used instead of 38 parts. As can be seen in the results below, the higher molecular inclu~l~nt content Formula B coating produced a more fade resistant media product. The results support a range of colorant st71hili7~.r additive amounts.
The media coatings were then separately applied to a substrate, HP1600 paper, by drawing down with a zero draw down bar. The wet coating was then dried in a vacuum oven to produce a coated media product.
Ink B3, prepared as described below, was then printed onto the s~mpl,o-s The ink was fused to the media coating by briefly heating at about 300 degrees Fahrenheit for about 30 seconds.
~ When vinyl is used as an underlying coating layer, such as in a heat transfer product, the coating can be preferably adhered thereto by the 7~
addition of an intermediate coating layer, such as 50% wt of a polyvinyl acetate and silica, mill ground for consistency.
Printed sheets of media product from this example were placed in the Atlas weatherometer and exposed for the de~ign~t~-l number of hours under the following conditions: 0.54 W/m2 at 440 nm, 55% humidity, 45~C black panel l~ atule, bor )cilic~te filters.
The change in magenta color is measured by the Xrite Colorimet~.r (Model 938, SpectroDen~itomt-ter, Grandville, Michigan) which measures the ~E* values, based on the L, a*, b* as described by Cielab, D-50-2.
The results are reported in ~he tables below.
B3 Ink MWater 85.11%
2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec99 00.10 Trieth~nol~mine 00.50 Reactive Red 120 2.89 Acid Red 52 1.20 Fade Testin~ Results of ~oated Media Products 21 Hour ~E* ~H~
Sample B3 Ink on Formula A 3.2 -3.7 Coated Paper B3 Ink on Formula B 0.85 0.07 Coated Paper B3 on Control Paper 3.7 3.2 CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 ~ nnrle 38 Preparation and Testing of Inks Cont;ainang Porphine Colorant Sfabilizers This example reports the results of fade testing of various inks, either with or without the stabilizing additives of the present invention, on treated or untreated paper. More particularly, the paper is untreated Hewlett-Packard premium paper, or treated Hewlett-Packard ~31t;111iUlll paper prepared using a solution of about 50% wt/wt hydroxypropyl ~y-cyclodextrin to ink, in or on the paper in a concentration of about 5 to 15 % wt/wt solution to paper.
The stabilizing additives of this example can be porphines.
Specifically, the porphines Cu-meso-tetra-(4-sulfanatophenyl)-porphine (designated CuTPPS4) and Cu-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphine (decign~tçd CuTMPS4) (available from Porphyrin Products, Inc., Logan, UT) were used, which are represented by the following structures, respectively:
H~3~SO3H

/N--- - - Cu ----N \

and W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 _~N ~~
---~u---N

The invention provides that the metal ion Co or Cu may be used interchangeably in the porphine structures of the present invention.
Additional background on the chemi~try of porphines can be found in Kubat et al. "Photophysical properties of metal complexes of meso-tetrakis (4-sulphonatophenyl) Porphyrin," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry 96 (1996) 93-97, and references cited therein, hereby incorporated by reference.
The stabilizing additive of this example can also optionally be dimethyl amino benzoic acid quat (designated DMABAQ), which can be produced as shown in the following reaction.

CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 CH / ~ 119 14.4g 20g (0.12 mole) (0.12 mole) w R--~--Cl + HOCH2CH2~--CH3 Cl 139.5 H3 16.8 g (0.12 mole) C~3\ ~I~OCH2CH2~3CH3 Cl 286.5 Theo. 34.4 g Act. 27.1 g Into a 3 necked 500 ml. round bottomed flask fitted with m~gnetic stirrer and condenser was added 20 g(0.12 moles) dimethyl amino benzoic acid (Aldrich) and 100 ml. of toluene. The Dean-Stark adapter was fitted and 80 ml. of toluene (Aldrich anhydrous grade) 14.4 g ~0.12 mole) thionyl chloride added and the mixture heated at reflux for 2 hours. Toluene was then distilled off as more (100 ml.) was added. 16.8 g (0.12 mole) of choline chloride (Aldrich) dried in 50 ml. of toluene (Dean Stark) was added and the mixture refluxed overnight. The solution was then filtered hot and poured into a beaker chilled in an ice bath. The DMABAQ solid was then filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 30~ ovemight.

CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 Printed sheets of paper were placed in the Atlas weatherometer and exposed for the (le~ignatcd number of hours under the following conditions:
0.54 W/m2 at 440 nm, 55% humidity, 45~C black panel temperature, borosili~t~ filters.
The change in magenta color is measured by the Xrite Colorimeter (Model 938, SpectroDensitometer, Grandville, Michigan) which measures the ~B* values, based on the L, a*, b* as described by Cielab, D-50-2.
The results are reported in the tables below.
The treated and untreated paper is printed with inks cle~ign~ted Al, A2, A3, A4, Bl, B2, B3, B4, Cl, C2, C3, and C4, prepared as follows:

Al Ink DIWater 84.80%
2 Pyrrolidone 10 00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec99 00.10 TriP.thzmnl~qmin~.oo 50 Reactive Red 120 4.00 Acid Red 52 0.40 A2 Ink DI Water 85.40%
2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec99 00.10 Triethanolamine 00.50 Reactive Red 120 3.00 Acid Red 52 0.80 A3 Ink MWater 86.00%
2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec 99 00.10 Trieth~nnl~minP 0O 50 Reactive Red 120 2.00 Acid Red 52 1.20 A4 Ink DI Water 86.60 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 - Cobratec99 00.10 Triethanolamine 00.50 Reactive Red 120 1.00 Acid Red 52 1.60 B 1 Ink DI Water 83.02 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec99 00.10 Trieth~nol~minP 00 50 Reactive Red 120 5.78 Acid Red 52 0.40 B2 Ink DIWater 84.07 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec 99 00.10 Tri~h~nol~min~. 00.50 Reactive Red 120 4.33 Acid Red 52 0.80 B3 Ink DIWater 85.11 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec 99 00.10 Triethanolamine 00.50 Reactive Red 120 2.89 Acid Red 52 1.20 B4Ink DIWater 86.16 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/1916g Cobratec 99 00.10 Triethanolarnine 00.50 Reactive Red 120 1.44 Acid Red 52 1.60 Cl Ink DIWater 82.62 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec99 00.10 Trieth~n~ min~ 00 50 Reactive Red 120 6.18 Acid Red 52 0.40 C2 Ink M Water 82.62 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec 99 00.10 Tri~th~nol~min~ 00 50 Reactive Red 120 4.63 Acid Red 52 0.80 C3 Ink DI Water 84.91 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec 99 00.10 Triethanolarnine 00.50 Reactive Red 120 3.09 Acid Red 52 1.20 C4 Ink DI Water 86.06 2 Pyrrolidone 10.00 Giv Guard DXN 00.20 Cobratec99 00.10 Triethanolarnine oO.S0 Reactive Red 120 1.54 WO 97/20000 PCT/USg6/19169 8~

Acid Red 52 1.60 f The above inks were fade tested with the following results.

Inks Without Additives Ink ID# 63H
/~F* ~H*
Al 47.8 7.5 A2 57.5 21.6 A3 60.7 33.8 A4 62.1 43.2 B 1 38 -0.54 B2 46.4 14.8 B3 56.3 28.4 B4 64.7 39.1 Cl 69.4 2.6 C2 64.3 11.3 C3 72.4 20.5 C4 83.9 22.7 The A2 ink was prepared with additives as described below and fade tested on HP paper and HP ~-CD paper with the following results.

Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 A2 Inks l-h7"h HP Paper ~P.* ~I* ~E* H*
50% D~BAQ 65.3 24.4 50% D~BAQ 62.1 26.5 77.121.5 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.5% D~L4BAQ 33.2 20.9 40.923.1 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.1% D MABAQ 34.1 20.5 42.622.2 HP ~-CD Paper 50% D~BAQ 4.1 2.4 4.9 2 50% D~BAQ 6.3 4.5 7.7 5 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.5% DM ABAQ 4.2 -2.1 5.2 -2.5 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.1% D~L~BAQ 3.5 -0.34 5.4 -3.1 The A3 ink was prepared with additives as described below and fade tested on HP paper and HP ~ CD paper with the following results.
s B3 Inks l_ h 78h HP Paper ~E* ,~H*~F.* ~H*
50% DMABAQ 59.8 28.275.8 26.6 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.5% D MABAQ36.2 26.443.8 28.5 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.1% D MABAQ43.3 28.152.5 30.3 HP ~-CD Paper 50% DMABAQ 6.1 4.9 7.6 5.5 50% DMABAQ 10.4 8.4 12.4 9.7 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.5% D MABAQ 6 -2.9 7 -3.2 0.5% CuTPPS4+0.1% DM ABAQ4.1 -0.69 6.1 -2.1 The inks were prepared with about 0.5% CuTPPS4 stabilizing additive and fade tested on HP paper and HP ~-CD paper with the following results.

-CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/2000~ PCT~US96/19169 Inks made with 0.5% CuTPPS4 n HP pre~ium pap-~r Samples ID#15H 78H 94H
~E* ~H* ~E* ~H* ~E* ~H*
A1 9.6 4.8 34.7 12.1 41.6 12.8 A2 14.7 12.8 41.8 23.8 48.8 24.9 A3 19.6 18.7 42.7 31.9 47 32.7 A4 29.6 28.9 51.8 42.4 55.5 42.1 B1 8.2 1.8 30.6 8.8 38.2 9.2 B2 8.3 6.3 32.3 17.8 37.8 18.8 B3 14.9 13.8 39.0 27.5 44.5 28.6 B4 25.2 24.6 47.7 38.3 51.6 38.5 C1 14.3 -7.71 41.8 8.9 N/A N/A
C2 7.9 -2.7 33.7 13.9 N/A N/A
C3 9.2 6.9 37.9 23.6 N/A N/A
C4 23.1 22.2 48.6 37.7 N/A N/A

Inks with 0.~% CuTP'S4 on Hvdroxy-Propyl ~-CD paper Samples ID#15H 78H 94H
~\F* ~H* ~F* ~H* I~F* ~H*
A1 1.5 -0.2 6.6 -3.2 8 -4.1 A2 1.2 0.28 4.1 -0.8 5.4 -1.3 A3 2.8 2.14 5 4.3 5;2 4.3 A4 4.9 4.7 10.4 9.8 10.2 9.5 B1 3.1 -1.5 9.4 -5.5 11.2 -6.9 B2 2.3 -2.4 7.7 -5.2 8.3 -5.7 B3 1.2 1.1 4.1 0.13 4.7 -0.79 B4 2.9 2.6 7.2 6.3 7.7 6.5 C1 4 -3.3 17.1 -13.8 NIA N/A
C2 3 -2.6 3.4 -2.8 NIA NIA

wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 C3 1.6 -1.5 5.2 -3.3 N/A N/A
C4 1.4 1.1 4.7 3.5 N/A N/A

Additionally, HP-1600 magenta ink was prepared with about 0.5%
CuTPPS4 stabilizing additive and fade tested on HP paper and HP ~f-CD
paper with the following results.
s 15 Hour Multiple Samples Samples ID# ~E* ~H*
HP#l 14.68 13.13 HP#2 20.86 19.50 HP#3 17.01 15.55 HP#4 13.04 11.15 HP#5 13.11 10.57 HP#6 13.09 11.10 HP ~-CD #1 2.66 - 1.47 HP ~-CD #2 1.20 -.53 HP y-CD #3 2.44 -.53 HP ~y-CD #4 1.30 -.47 HP ~-CD #5 1.74 -.30 HP ~-CD #6 1.35 -.34 The HP-1600 magenta ink was also prepared with about 0.5%
CuTMPS4 stabilizing additive and fade tested on HP paper and HP ~-CD
paper with the following results.

15 ~our Multiple Samples HP#l 13.94 11.39 HP#2 13.58 11.11 HP#3 13.98 11.57 HP#4 14.16 11.56 CA 022l0480 l997-07-25 W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 8i HP ~-CD #1 2.32 -.99 HP ~-CD ~2 1.44 -1.05 HP ~-CD #3 2.17 -.67 HP ~-CD #4 1.98 -1.21 HP ~-CD #S 2.14 -1.38 HP ~-CD ~6 1.79 -.85 HP ~-CD #7 .36 .15 ~,y~mrle 39 Preparahon of Basic Fuschin Hydrazone Another colorant st~hili7Pr of the present invention is a basic fuschin 5hydrazone, prepared as follows. To a 500 ml round bottom flask, fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a heating mantle, was placed 50 g (0.46 mole) phenyl hydrazine (Aldrich), 96.3 g (0.46 mole) chalcone (Aldrich), and 300 rnl. of anhydrous ethanol. The reaction mixture refluxed overnight and then cooled to room t~ e,alult;. A white precipitate formed and was filtered to 10yield a white solid which was washed with cold ether. 128 g (93%) chalcone hydrazone was obtained. This reaction is shown below.

~NHNH2 + ~CH=CH-C~

EtOH

~CH=CH~

NH

To a 500 ml three necked flask fitted with a condenser, Argon bubbles and a m~gnPtic stirrer, was placed 20 g (0.09 mole) 4, 4'-diamino 15benzophenone (Aldrich), 27.1 g (0.09 mole) chalcone hydrazone (produced above), 10.1 g phosphorous oxy chloride (Aldrich) and 200 ml of dried -WO 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 8g dioxane. The mixture was refluxed for two days to yield a red solution.
The reaction mixture was chilled in an ice bath and the red precir~if~te filtered to yield 35.2 g (78%). Addition of hexane to the solution generated an extra 3 g The compound was purified by neutralization from 3% ethanol in 97.1% chloroform. It was also run down a column (silica gel) with 1%
ethanol in CHC13 to elute i~ uliLies, then the product was eluted with 10%
ethanol in chloroform. This reaction is shown below.

H2N~C--O + CH=CH~

H2N ~ POCl3 Dioxane NH2 ~ ~NH2 Cl NH

~C -CH=CH~) CA 02210480 1997-07-2~ .
W097/20000 PCTrUS96/19169 F,x~mple 40 Preparation and Testing of Inks on Paper Containing Benzophenone Colorant Stabilizer Additives This example reports the results of fade testing of magenta ink iet inks on Hewlett-Packard premium paper containing another stabilizing additives of the present invention. In particular, the additive of this example is a benzophenone, of the general formula:

~ 1~l ~

wherein R represents any substituents which permit the benzophenone to function as a colorant st~hili7:f~r.
More specifically, in this example the benzophenone derivative is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (design~te(l HMBPD, or simply U) (available from Lancaster Synthesis Ltd., Windham, NH), represented by the following structure:
,OH
~ 1~l ~OCH3 In addition, the colorant stabilizing additive can be a molecular includant, such as a cyclodextrin. The paper con~ining the additives was prepared as follows:
Pre-complexation of Additive U with ~-CD
5.0g (0.02 mole) of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (additive U), 27.2 g (0.02 mole) ~-cyclodextrin and 136 ml water was placed in a beaker and stirred on a hot-plate stirrer. The suspension was heated to 65~C at which point the mixture became a clear ~ solution.
- Paper Coating Solution 0.7 ml of SURFYNOL 420 surfactant and 30.0 g (0.02 mole) ~-CD
was then added to the above solution and stirred while m~intzlining 65~C.

CA 022l0480 l997-07-2~
W O 97/20000 PCT~US96/19169 The heated clear solution was used to coat the HP Premium ink jet paper.
The surface tension of the heated solution was 48-52 dyne/cm.

Coating Papers Procedure S Pre-weighed Hewlett-Packard Premium ink jet paper #51634Y was placed on a stack of 20 sheets of NEENAH BOND(~) paper and a draw-down bar placed at the top of the paper. Using a Pasteur pipette, the hot additives solutions were placed on the paper at the edge of the draw-down bar. The draw-down bar was then drawn-down on the paper sheet with light pressure to yield a wet film. The paper was then placed in a vacuum oven and dried under 0.1 mm Hg vacuum at 35~C for 20 minlltes The dried paper was re-weighed and the add-on calculated.
The sheets were then used directly for printin~.

Wire Draw Down Bar # Approx. Add-on %

For testing, an Atlas Ci35 weatherometer controlled irr~ nf~e exposure system was used which provides high intensity daylight cim~ tion with xenon source set at an average temperature of 63~C, an irradiance of 1.10W/m2/nm (at 420 nm), and a humidity of 30% in an industry standard test envi.~ ent (ASTM G-26 Method 3).
Color measurement was determined by an X-Rite 938 ~pectrode~.citl m--.t~r measurement and storage of full spectral curves. Three measurements of each sample with averaging were performed with automatic calculation of CILLAB values. CIELAB calculated for D-50 standard lighting conditions. The results are reported in the table below.

70 h ~E* /\H*
HP 1600 on HP Control 70 7 HP 1600 on HP with l~-CD (14.0%) 30 8 HP 1600 on HP with 7~-CD (5.5%) 30 4 HP 855 on HPControl 26 8 HP 855 on HP with 13-CD 14 4 HP 855 on HP with ~-CD (5.5%) 9 4 Additional tests yielded the following results.

1-h 30h 70h 115h 200h i~F* ~H* ~* ~H* ~* ~H* ~E* ~H* ~E* ~H*
HP1600 7 color- color- color- color-on 20 13 -- -- 70 less less lesslessHP(Contr ol) on HP 5 3 5 3 11 5 13 5 21 6 with Additive Uwith~
and ~ CD) HP(Contr 10 9 26 8 39 8 57 8 ol) HP with 4 3 4 3 4 3 6 3 10 3 Additive U with ~
and ~ CD) S Additional tests yielded the following results.

Accelerated Fade Study of HP1600 on Coated Paper l h 70h /~F* QH* ~E* ~H*
HP Control 20 13 70 7 13-CD (9.2~o~ 18 13 42 10 ~-CD (14.0%)_ 14 11 30 8 *HMPBS (3.1%) -- -- 30 19 *HMPBS (5.1%) -- -- 33 21 *HMPBS (8.6%) -- -- 27 11 *HMPBS ~ ~-CD (5.7%~ -- -- 28 11 Wo 97/20000 PCT/US96/19169 *HMPBS + ry-CD (5.7%) -- -- 29 16 ~-CD (5.5%) -- -- 30 4 ~-CD (10%) 8 7 29 5 *HMPBS + ~ + ~ (4.0%) (No -- -- 37 16 precompl~-x~tion) *HMPBS +~ +~(9.0%) (No 5 3 7 4 precompl~ tton) 13-CD + ~-CD (15.0%) 18 11 29 10 ( ) Dry add-on wt.wt on the sheet * Additive U
-- Data point not taken ~ 1ition~l tests yielded the following results.

Accelerated Fade Study of HP85~ on Coated Papers 1 :h 7 Ih Coatin~ ~F* ~H* ~E* ~H*
HP control 10 9 26 8 ~3-CD (3.8%) -- -- 10 4 ~-CD (8.7%) 7 5 14 4 ~-CD (13.0%) 6 5 14 10 *HMBPS (2.8%) -- -- 14 10 *HMBPS (3.8%) -- -- 13 10 *HMBPS (4.6%) -- -- 11 9 ~-CD (5.5%) -- -- 9 4 ~-CD(10.5%) 8 6 18 6 *HMBPS + ~ + ~ (3.0%) (No -- -- 20 13 precomplexation) *HMBPS + ~ +~(8.1%~ (No 5 4 5 4 precomplexation) *HMBPS + 13 + ~ (8.1 %)(repeat) (No -- 4 4 precomplexation) J3+~(15%) 6 4 18 4 ( ) Dry add-on wt.wt on the sheet * AdditiveU

CA 02210480 1997-07-2~
WO 97/~oooo PCT/US96/19169 -- Data point not taken The results suggest that pre-complexation of Additive U with ~-CD
gives superior results than when added separately. Pre-complexation of S Additive U with ~-CD followed by mixing with ~-CD gives m~xim~lly superior results. Additive U when coated on HP paper without cyclodextrin provides some improvement. ~-CD and ~-CD applied separately and together provides some improvement in light-fastness.

Having thus described the invention, numerous changes and modifications hereof will be readily apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Claims (119)

Claims What is claimed is:
1. A stabilizing composition comprising a stabilizing molecule represented by the formula:

wherein:
R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group;
R5 is an aryl, heteroaryl, polyalkene, or substituted aryl group; and wherein R1, R2, or R4 are an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group.
2. The stabilizing molecule of Claim 1, wherein the molecule has the formula:

wherein if R1 is an aryl group, then R2 is a hydrogen; heterocyclic; alkyl;
aryl, or a phenyl group, the phenyl group optionally being substituted with an alkyl, halo, amino, or a thiol group; and if R2 is an aryl group, then R1 is hydrogen; heterocyclic; alkyl; aryl, or a phenyl group, the phenyl group optionally being substituted with an alkyl, halo, amino, or a thiol group; and R3 is an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group.
3. The stabilizing molecule of Claim 1, wherein the molecule has the following formula:

4. The stabilizing molecule of Claim 1, wherein the molecule has the following formula:

5. The stabilizing molecule of Claim 1, wherein the molecule has the following formula:

6. The stabilizing molecule of Claim 1, wherein the molecule has the following formula:

7. The stabilizing molecule of Claim 1, wherein the molecule has the following formula:

8. The stabilizing composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a molecular includant.
9. The stabilizing composition of Claim 8, wherein the molecular includant is associated with the stabilizing molecule.
10. The stabilizing composition of Claim 9, wherein the molecular includant is covalently bonded to the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
11. The stabilizing composition of Claim 9, wherein the molecular includant is ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin.
12. The stabilizing composition of Claim 1, further comprising a derivatized phenol having the following formula:

wherein R1 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;

R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms; and R4 is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, hydrogen, glucose, fructose, polyether sugar, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, cyclodextrin, or derivatized cyclodextrin.
13. The stabilizing composition of Claim 12, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

14. The stabilizing composition of Claim 12, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

15. The stabilizing composition of Claim 1, further comprising a Group VII ion.
16. The stabilizing composition of Claim 15, wherein the Group VII ion is iodide.
17. The stabilizing composition of Claim 16, wherein the iodide is sodium iodide or tetramethyl ammonium iodide.
18. A method of light-stabilizing a colorant comprising associating the colorant with a stabilizing composition, wherein the composition comprises a stabilizing molecule represented by the formula:

wherein:
R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl group, or substituted aryl group;
R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group;
R5 is an aryl, heteroaryl, polyalkene, or substituted aryl group; and wherein R1, R2, or R4 are an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group.
19. The method of Claim 18, wherein the stabilizing molecule has the formula:

wherein if R1 is an aryl group, then R2 is a hydrogen; heterocyclic; alkyl;
aryl, or a phenyl group, the phenyl group optionally being substituted with an alkyl, halo, amino, or a thiol group; and if R2 is an aryl group, then R1 is hydrogen; heterocyclic; alkyl; aryl, or a phenyl group, the phenyl group optionally being substituted with an alkyl, halo, amino, or a thiol group; and R3 is an aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted aryl group.
20. The method of Claim 18, wherein the stabilizing molecule has the following formula:

21. The method of Claim 18, wherein the stabilizing molecule has the following formula:

22. The method of Claim 18, wherein the stabilizing composition further comprises a molecular includant.
23. The method of Claim 22, wherein the molecular includant is covalently bonded to the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
24. The method of Claim 22, wherein the molecular includant is ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin.
25. The method of Claim 18, wherein the stabilization composition further comprises a derivatized phenol having the following formula:

wherein R1 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;

R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms; and R4 is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, hydrogen, glucose, fructose, polyether sugar, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, cyclodextrin, or derivatized cyclodextrin.
26. The method of Claim 25, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

27. The method of Claim 25, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

28. The method of Claim 18, wherein the stabilization composition further comprises a Group VII ion.
29. The method of Claim 28, wherein the Group VII ion is iodide.
30. The method of Claim 29, wherein the iodide is sodium iodide or tetramethyl ammonium iodide.
31. A composition comprising a stabilizing molecule and a colorant, wherein the stabilizing molecule is a derivatized phenol having the following formula:

wherein R1 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms; and R4 is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, hydrogen, glucose, fructose, polyether sugar, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, cyclodextrin, or delivatized cyclodextrin.
32. The composition of Claim 31, wherein the cyclodextrin is .alpha.-cyclodextrin, .beta.-cyclodextrin, .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .alpha. cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .alpha. cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .beta. cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .gamma. cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .alpha. cyclodextrin, octylsuccinated .beta. cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .gamma. cyclodextrin, sulfated .beta.
cyclodextrin, or sulfated .gamma.-cyclodextrin.
33. The composition of Claim 31, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

34. The composition of Claim 31, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

35. The composition of Claim 31, wherein the cyclodextrin is covalently bonded to the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
36. The composition of Claim 32, wherein the cyclodextrin is ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin.
37. The composition of Claim 31, further comprising a Group VII ion.
38. The composition of Claim 37, wherein the Group VII ion is iodide.
39. The composition of Claim 38, wherein the iodide is sodium iodide or tetramethyl ammonium iodide.
40. A method of light stabilizing a colorant comprising associating the colorant with a stabilizing composition comprising a stabilizing molecule, wherein the stabilizing molecule is a derivatized phenol having the following formula:

wherein R1 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;

R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms; and R4 is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, hydrogen, glucose, fructose, polyether sugar, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, cyclodextrin, or derivatized cyclodextrin.
41. The method of Claim 40, wherein the cyclodextrin is .alpha.-cyclodextrin, .beta.-cyclodextrin, .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .alpha. cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .alpha. cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .beta. cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .gamma. cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .alpha. cyclodextrin, octylsuccinated .beta. cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .gamma. cyclodextrin, sulfated cyclodextrin, or sulfated .gamma.-cyclodextrin.
42. The method of Claim 40, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula
43. The method of Claim 40, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

44. The method of Claim 40, wherein the cyclodextrin is covalently bonded to the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
45. The method of Claim 42, wherein the cyclodextrin is ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin.
46. The method of Claim 40, wherein the stabilizing composition further comprises a Group VII ion.
47. The method of Claim 46, wherein the Group VII ion is iodide.
48. The method of Claim 47, wherein the iodide is sodium iodide or tetramethyl ammonium iodide.
49. A composition comprising a stabilizing molecule and a colorant, wherein the stabilizing molecule is a Group VII ion.
50. The composition of Claim 49, wherein the Group VII ion is iodide.
51. The composition of Claim 50, wherein the iodide is sodium iodide or tetramethyl ammonium iodide.
52. The composition of Claim 49, further comprising a molecular includant.
53. The composition of Claim 52, wherein the molecular includant is associated with the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
54. The composition of Claim 53, wherein the molecular includant is covalently bonded to the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
55. The composition of Claim 52, wherein the molecular includant is ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin.
56. A method of light stabilizing a colorant comprising associating the colorant with a stabilizing composition comprising a stabilizing molecule, wherein the stabilizing molecule is a Group VII ion.
57. The method of Claim 56, wherein the Group VII ion is iodide.
58. The method of Claim 57, wherein the iodide is sodium iodide or tetramethyl ammonium iodide.
59. The method of Claim 56, wherein the stabilizing composition further comprises a molecular includant.
60. The method of Claim 59, wherein the molecular includant is associated with the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
61. The method of Claim 60, wherein the molecular includant is covalently bonded to the stabilizing molecule and the colorant.
62. The method of Claim 59, wherein the molecular includant is ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin.
63. A stabilizing composition comprising three stabilizing molecules, wherein the first stabilizing molecule is a derivatized phenol represented by the formula:

wherein R1 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms; and R4 is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, hydrogen, glucose, fructose, polyether sugar, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, cyclodextrin, or derivatized cyclodextrin, wherein the second stabilizing molecule is a cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof; and wherein the third stabilizing molecule is a Group VII
ion.
64. The composition of Claim 63, wherein the second stabilizing molecule is hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, and the third stabilizing moleculeis an iodide ion.
65. The composition of Claim 64, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

66. The composition of Claim 64, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula:

67. A method of stabilizing a colorant comprising associating the colorant with a stabilizing composition, wherein the stabilizing composition comprises three stabilizing molecules, wherein the first stabilizing molecule is a derivatized phenol represented by the formula:

wherein R1 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R2 is an iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms;
R3 is iodine, or an alkyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms; and R4 is a sugar, polyhydroxy compound, sulfonic acid salt compound, carboxylic acid salt compound, polyether compound, hydrogen, glucose, fructose, polyether sugar, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, cyclodextrin, or derivatized cyclodextrin;
wherein the second stabilizing molecule is a cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof; and wherein the third stabilizing molecule is a Group VII
ion.
68. The method of Claim 67, wherein the second stabilizing molecule is hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, and the third stabilizing moleculeis an iodide ion.
69. The method of Claim 67, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula
70. The method of Claim 67, wherein the derivatized phenol has the following formula
71. A composition comprising an ink jet ink admixed with a derivatized .beta.-cyclodextrin.
72. The composition of Claim 71 wherein the derivatized .beta.-cyclodextrin is an ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin.
73. A composition comprising an admixture of a colorant, a liquid vehicle, and ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin, wherein the composition is suitable for ink jet printing.
74. An ink jet printer ink cartridge comprising an ink jet printer ink cartridge containing an ink composition comprising an admixture of a colorant, a liquid vehicle, and ethyl hydroxy .beta.-cyclodextrin, wherein the ink composition is suitable for ink jet printing.
75. A method of printing comprising forming an image on a substrate with the composition of Claim 71.
76. A composition comprising a stabilizing agent in or on a substrate.
77. The composition of Claim 76, wherein the stabilizing agent is a reducing agent or a molecular includant.
78. The composition of Claim 77, wherein the stabilizing agent is a molecular includant.
79. The composition of Claim 78, wherein the molecular includant is a clathrate, intercalate, zeolite, crown ether, calixarene, valinomycin type natural antibiotic, nigericin type natural antibiotic, or cyclic compound containing a plurality of pyranose rings.
80. The composition of Claim 79, wherein the cyclic compound is .alpha.-cyclodextrin, .beta.-cyclodextrin, .gamma.-cyclodextrin, .delta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .alpha.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .alpha.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .alpha.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .beta.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .gamma.-cyclodextrin, sulfated .beta.-cyclodextrin, sulfated .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyisopropyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinate .gamma.-cyclodextrin, or carboxymethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin.
81. The composition of Claim 79, wherein the cyclic compound is .gamma.-cyclodextrin or hydroxyethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin.
82. The composition of Claim 77, wherein the stabilizing agent is a reducing agent.
83. The composition of Claim 82, wherein the reducing agent is sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), cysteine, sodium nitrite, sodium phosphite, sodium citrate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, boron hydride, dithionite, hydrazine, thiourea-dioxide, hydrogen sulphite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite, ammonium hydrogen sulfite, sodium trithionite, or a polyhydric phenol.
84. The composition of Claim 83, wherein the reducing agent is sodium thiosulfate.
85. The composition of Claim 76, wherein the stabilizing agent is a molecular includant and a reducing agent.
86. A method of light-stabilizing a colorant composition, comprising associating the colorant composition with the composition of Claim 76.
87. The method of Claim 86, wherein the stabilizing agent is a reducing agent or a molecular includant.
88. The method of Claim 87, wherein the stabilizing agent is a molecular includant.
89. The method of Claim 88, wherein the molecular includant is a clathrate, intercalate, zeolite, crown ether, calixarene, valinomycin type natural antibiotic, nigericin type natural antibiotic, or cyclic compound containing a plurality of pyranose rings.
90. The method of Claim 89, wherein the cyclic compound is .alpha.-cyclodextrin, .beta.-cyclodextrin, .gamma.-cyclodextrin, .delta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .alpha.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .alpha.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .alpha.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .beta.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .gamma.-cyclodextrin, sulfated .beta.-cyclodextrin, sulfated .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyisopropyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinate .gamma.-cyclodextrin, or carboxymethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin.
91. The method of Claim 89, wherein the cyclic compound is .gamma.-cyclodextrin or hydroxyethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin.
92. The method of Claim 87, wherein the stabilizing agent is a reducing agent.
93. The method of Claim 92, wherein the reducing agent is sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), cysteine, sodium nitrite, sodium phosphite, sodium citrate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, boron hydride, dithionite, hydrazine, thiourea-dioxide, hydrogen sulphite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite, ammonium hydrogen sulfite, sodium trithionite, or a polyhydric phenol.
94. The method of Claim 93, wherein the reducing agent is sodium thiosulfate.
95. The method of Claim 86, wherein the stabilizing agent is a molecular includant and a reducing agent.
96. The method of Claim 86, wherein the colorant composition comprises a colorant, a liquid vehicle, and a stabilizing additive.
97. The method of Claim 96, wherein the stabilizing additive is an aryliminealkene, a molecular includant, a triiodophenol, a triiodophenol derivative, a triarylphenol, a triarylphenol derivative, a Group VII ion, or a reducing agent.
98. The method of Claim 97, wherein the stabilizing additive is an aryliminealkene, a molecular includant, and a Group VII ion.
99. The method of Claim 98, wherein the aryliminealkene is chalcone fuschin imine, the molecular includant is hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, and the Group VII ion is iodide.
100. A composition comprising a colorant and a stabilizing agent, wherein the stabilizing agent is a porphine.
101. The composition of Claim 100, wherein the porphine is Cu-meso-tetra-(4-sulfanatophenyl)-porphine or Cu-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphine, having the following structures, respectively:

or
102. The composition of Claim 100, wherein the porphine is Co-meso-tetra-(4-sulfanatophenyl)-porphine or Co-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphine, having the following structures, respectively:

or
103. The composition of Claim 100, further comprising a molecular includant.
104. A composition comprising a colorant and a stabilizing agent, wherein the stabilizing agent is dimethyl amino benzoic acid quat, represented by the following structure:

105. The composition of Claim 104, further comprising a molecular includant.
106. A composition comprising a colorant and a stabilizing agent, wherein the stabilizing agent is a basic fuschin hydrazone, represented by the following structure:

107. A composition comprising a colorant and a stabilizing agent, wherein the stabilizing agent is a benzophenone of the general formula:

wherein R represents any substituents which permit the benzophenone to function as a colorant stabilizer.
108. The composition of Claim 107, wherein the benzophenone is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid, represented by the following structure:

109. The composition of Claim 108, further comprising a molecular includant.
110. The composition of Claim 109, wherein the molecular includant is a clathrate, intercalate, zeolite, crown ether, calixarene, valinomycin type natural antibiotic, nigericin type natural antibiotic, or cyclic compound containing a plurality of pyranose rings.
111. The composition of Claim 110, wherein the cyclic compound is .alpha.-cyclodextrin, .beta.-cyclodextrin, .gamma.-cyclodextrin, .delta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .alpha.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .alpha.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .beta.-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .alpha.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .beta.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinated .gamma.-cyclodextrin, sulfated .beta.-cyclodextrin, sulfated .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxyisopropyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin, octyl succinate .gamma.-cyclodextrin, or carboxymethyl .gamma.-cyclodextrin.
112. A method of light-stabilizing a colorant composition, comprising associating a colorant composition with a porphine.
113. The method of Claim 112, wherein the porphine is Cu-meso-tetra-(4-sulfanatophenyl)-porphine or Cu-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphine, having the following structures, respectively:

or
114. The method of claim 112, wherein the porphine is Co-meso-tetra-(4-sulfanatophenyl)-porphine or Co-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphine, having the following structures, respectively:

or
115. The method of Claim 112, further comprising associating a molecular includant with the colorant composition and the porphine.
116. A method of light-stabilizing a colorant composition, comprising associating a colorant composition with a basic fuschin hydrazone represented by the following structure:

117. A method of light-stabilizing a colorant composition, comprising associating a colorant composition with a benzophenone of the general formula:

wherein R represents any substituents which permit the benzophenone to function as a colorant stabilizer.
118. The method of Claim 117, wherein the benzophenone is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid, represented by the following structure:

119. The method of Claim 118, further comprising associating a molecular includant with the colorant composition and the benzophenone.
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US5885337A (en) 1999-03-23
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